Page 116 - AI Ver 3.0 Class 11
P. 116

History of Artificial Intelligence


              Artificial Intelligence first emerged in the year 1956. Since then the artificial intelligence has evolved by many folds.
              Following diagram depicts the history of AI:
                                                             The word "Artificial Intelligence" was   After several reports criticising
                                                             first adopted by American computer  progress in AI, government funding
                     Allen  Newell  and  Herbert  A.  Simon   scientist  John  McCarthy  at  the  and  interest  in  the  field  dropped
                     created  the  "first  artificial  intelligence   Dartmouth Conference. For the first   off during the period from 1974–80
                                                                                          which  is  known  as  the  "AI  winter".
                     program"  which  was  named  "Logic     time, AI was coined as an academic   The field later revived in the 1980s
                     Theorist".  This  program  proved  38  of   1955  field.             when the British government started
                     52  Mathematics  theorems  and  found                 1956           funding it again to compete with the
                     new and more elegant proofs for some                                 Japanese.
                     theorems.
                                                                                                    1974

                                                 Alan Turing, was an English mathematician,
                                          1950   and  pioneered  Machine  learning.  He  published
                                                 "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in which he
                        1943                     proposed a test. The test could check the machine's
                                                 ability  to  exhibit  intelligent  behaviour  equivalent  to
                                                 human intelligence, called a Turing test.
                 The first work which is now recognised
                                                 (Also called “The Imitation Game”)
                 as AI was done by Warren McCulloch
                 and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed
                 a model of artificial neurons.


                                                                   IBM's  Deep  Blue  became  the  first  1997
                                                                   computer to beat a chess champion-
                                 2011                              Russian grandmaster Garry Kasparov.

                   IBM Watson won the quiz show "Jeopardy!" by beating
                   reigning champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.





                           Brainy Fact

                      Turing Test includes three players in which one player is a human, another player is a computer, and the
                      third player is a human judge. The judge is isolated from the other two players and his responsibility is to
                      find which player is a machine among the two of them.






                               Task                                              #Problem Solving & Logical Reasoning



                   Group the following tasks into the following three categories:
                   •  Human Intelligence
                   •  Artificial Intelligence
                   •  Both AI and HI





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