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INSIDE THE SERIES
                                              INSIDE THE SERIES




                  The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation.


                   Learning Resources



                      When these two begin to contact the persons who are further in contact with other people, then the   Notes
                      number of people in relationship increases. For example, if A is in contact with B and A is also in contact
                      with C, and if B comes in contact with C, then it forms a network.
                         The users must be cautious as some users of a site may not upload the correct profile or true information
                                                                 This section contains additional
                        Notes
                       On WWW, there are many social networking sites that provide different ways for users to interact, such   information to enrich the subject.
                       as through e-mails, comments, sharing photographs, instant messaging, etc. Networking between two
                         about themselves.
                       people on Internet takes place only when the users from both the end confirm in order to be included as
                       Social networking web sites are being used regularly by millions of people. Some of them are: Whatsapp,
                       a part of a link with each other.
                        Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Skype, Instagram, etc.
                        In social networking site, a user creates his own profile by uploading information about himself. In social   launched in 1991.
                        network, it may be possible that the two people in network might not know each other personally, they
                        may know each other only on the basis of their profile which has been uploaded by themselves.
                                                                                           Do you know?
                         If there is one technology to name that has revolutionized the way people are contacting or communicating   web page is generally contained in a website and constitutes as a source of information that floats on the
                                                                                         Web Page
                         MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
                         with each other in the last 20 years, it must be ‘Mobile Cellular Technology’.
                         The  communication through  mobile cellular  began during  1980. Since then  mobile technology  has
                                                                                           Tim Berners-Lee had created the first website. Its URL is http://info.cern.ch. The first online website was
                         undergone considerable changes and has resulted into portable mobile communication and smartphones
                         that have become very popular in last few years.
                                                                                         A web page is a document of information that can be accessed and viewed through a web browser. A
                                                                                         world wide web. The information is usually coded in HTML. Web pages may be retrieved from a local host
                                                                                        computer or from a remote computer with the help of the Internet. Web pages are requested and served
                                                            Do you Know?                from a web server using protocols like Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
                           This reform has been due to requirement of upgraded service compatible transmission technology and   This section contains a
                           to meet higher expectations and very high increase in telecom customers. Portable devices have been in
                                                            fact about the topic.
                           process of huge changes. The data transfer or download speed varies with the congestion of the network
                             Touchpad Computer Applications-X
                            36                                                        Web pages may contain information in the form of text, images, pictures, sound, audio, video, etc.
                                                                                      Web pages may consist of static pages (which are stored within a file system of a web server) and/or
                                                                                      dynamic pages (which contain files of run-time nature i.e., which facilitates online data transformation).
                                                                                     Web Browser
                                                                                     electronic pages that could be displayed on the Internet.
                                                                                      HTML is used to publish web pages. A web page is designed by web developers with the help of markup
                                                                                      languages  like HTML.  It is not technically a  programming language  but  it was  developed  to create
                                                                                     to display the page.
                                                                                     A web browser is an application software that helps a user to navigate through different websites on the
                                                                                     Internet and display web pages. The user requests a page from a web server with the help of web browser.
                                                                                     After receiving the request through the web browser, the web server makes it available for a web browser
                                                                                    14 ‘Google Chrome’, ‘Microsoft Edge’, ‘Lynx’ (Text only mode web browser), etc.
                                                                                     Web browsers can also display animated images, play sound and video, provide secure connections and
                                                                                    much more. Some common web browsers are ‘Internet Explorer’, ‘Mozilla Firefox’, ‘Opera’, ‘Apple Safari’,
                                                                                      Touchpad Computer Applications-X
                                           Subject Enrichment
                                Glossary
                       Attribute: An attribute is a property that provides some additional information about a tag. It
                       <P> TAG: Paragraph tag is used to begin a paragraph in a web page.  Glossary
                        BACKGROUND COLOR: The Background Color property of style sheet is  used to change  the
                      1.   Attribute: An attribute is a property that provides some additional information about a tag.
                      2.   enhances the functionality of a tag.  This  section  contains
                      3.   BGCOLOR Attribute: This attribute of <BODY> tag is used to set the background colour of the
                        Checkbox: A checkbox is like a toggle switch where users can select a desired choice by clicking on
                      4.   background colour of an element.  definition of common terms.
                        displayed screen.
                       5.   Cellpadding: This attribute is used to specify the space between grid line and content in the cell.
                         Container Tag: The tags which are used in pairs are called ‘Container Tags’.
                       6.   Comments: Comments are used to add remarks to the programs created in any language.
                        11.  CSS Float: The ‘float’ property is used for positioning and formatting content. It wraps the text
                       7.   the checkbox.
                       8.  10.  Corporate Blogs: Blogs can be uploaded for business or commercial purposes.     Digital Signature: Digital signature ensures the authenticity of the information. A digital signature
                        12.  CSS FONT: CSS font property is used to define the font, size and the style of the text. Some of the
                       9.
                        13.  CSS MARGINS: CSS ‘margin’ properties enable to create space around an HTML element, outside
                         commonly used font properties are font-family, font-style, font-size, etc.
                         around the images.
                        14.  CSS OUTLINE: An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, to make the element “stand out”.
                        15.  CSS: ‘Cascading Style Sheet’ is simple design language which enables to simplify the process of
                                                                                         Major Security Measures are:
                         16.  e -Group: It refers to the group of people who are in correspondence (in touch) with each other via
                          any border.
                                                                                           Auditability: Data should be recorded in such a way that it can be audited for integrity requirements.
                         17.  E-commerce: It refers to the buying or selling of goods or services over the Internet.
                          making web pages.
                         18.  e-Governance: e-Governance (Electronic Governance) refers to the application of Information and
                          Internet, on the topics of common interest.
                           Communication Technology (ICT) tools for delivering the services of government.
                                                                                         receiver can decrypt the data with the help of secret codes.
                                                                                            Encryption: It is a very effective and practical way to safeguard the data being transmitted over the
                         19.  e-Learning: It refers to the application of Internet media in the field of education and learning.
                         20.  Element: It refers to different sections that include opening or closing tag and the content within it.
                                                                                          network. Sender of the information encrypts the data using a secret code and only the specified
                                                                                         devices.
                          21.  e-Mail: Electronic mail is a mailing service provided by the Internet by which one can send messages
                                                                                         website.
                                                                                         is an e-signature authenticated through encryption and password that are uploaded through data
                          23.  e-Reservation: Reservation means to purchase rights for the usage of a facility or some service for
                          22.  Empty Tag: Empty tags are the standalone tags which are not used in pair.
                           to any person around the world through computer.
                                                                                        Recap Zone
                                                                                        
                                                                                            Security Certificates: Security certificate is a unique digital ID that is used to verify the identity of a
                          24.  Ethics: The word ‘Ethics’ signifies the approach, behaviour or principle that a person must follow to
                           a specified and limited period of time i.e., to reserve a right temporarily.
                                                                                        
                                                                                         application or resources of Internet.
                            keep or maintain reasonable justice for implied morality in the society.
                           26.  Freeware: Software that can be used without paying any price i.e., which is free of any charge are
                                                                                       
                          25.  Footer: It is the bottom part of the body of an HTML document.
                                                                                         followed by the users of the Internet.
                                                                                        Ð ‘Cyber Ethics’ is an ethical approach or responsibility that should be followed while using the
                                                                                        e-mails.
                                                                                        Ð Netiquette  (net  +  etiquette)  can  be  defined  as  the  behavior  or  informal  guidelines  that  are
                                                                                        real time.
                            termed as freeware.
                                                                                        Ð E-mail netiquettes are the basic etiquettes and courtesy that should be followed while sending
                             Touchpad Computer Applications-X                              Ð ‘Intellectual Property Right’ is the legal right that covers the privileges of an individual who has
                                                                                       Ð Software License is the authorization to use a software.
                                                                                        Ð Chat and Instant Messaging (IM) are Internet features that allow users to interact with people in
                                                                                        his work.
                           152                                                          created or invented something with his own intellectual ability or creativity and is the owner of
                                                                                        one’s own work.
                                                                                        Ð Plagiarism is the act of copying someone else’s work and publishing and proprieting it as if it is
                                                                                       of his digital property.
                                                                                        Ð ‘Digital Property Right’ is the legal right that covers the privileges of an individual for the security
                                                                                        Ð Freedom of Information is the right to obtain information from any public authority by making
                                                          Recap Zone                   Ð Digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between those who have access to the resources
                                                                                       Department specifying the particulars of the information sought by him.
                                                                                       a  request  in  writing  or  through  electronic  means,  to  the  concerned  Information  Officer  or
                                                          This section contains       Ð e-Commerce, also known as electronic commerce or Internet commerce, refers to the buying or
                                                                                      selling of goods or services over the Internet.
                                                                                       of modern information and communications technology, and those that have restricted access.
                                                          summary of the chapter.
                                                                                    140  Touchpad Information Technology-X
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