Page 39 - CA 165 ver 1.0 Class 10
P. 39

towers, nature of the data, etc. that have considerably changed and have been upgraded in last 20 years.
                 Thus, we can classify the era of mobile technology in different generations as:
                 First Generation (1G)

                 1G refers to the first generation of cellular service, which was introduced in 1980s. It was used for voice
                 services and was based on technology called Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). It has of great
                 contribution as it gave birth to mobile technology. It lacked security, and did not provide consistent
                 communication during voice transmission.
                 Second Generation (2G)

                 2G refers to the second generation cellular service and was introduced in late 1990s. It was based on
                 digital technology and supported text messaging (SMS). It is used digital signals for voice transmission. It
                 enabled text messaging also, ‘Pagers’ were introduced for text messaging.


                 SMS
                 SMS (Short Message Service) is commonly known as ‘Text Message’. It’s a way to send text messages
                 (typed in characters, numbers or symbols) from one mobile device to another. Standard SMS is limited to
                 160 characters per message, including spaces. However, longer messages with more than 160 characters
                 are automatically split up into extra content and become additional message and follow as an extension
                 to the initial SMS.
                 Third Generation (3G)

                 3G refers to the third generation of cellular service. It has enabled higher rate of data transmission and
                 has provided multimedia support. In this generation, wireless technology is more enhanced over previous
                 wireless technologies, thus it has helped in high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access, video
                 streaming, video chatting on wireless signal, etc. It has been commonly in use after 2000.

                 The technology of this generation has enabled facilitating to connect the phone to the Internet in order
                 to make voice and video calls and to download and upload data on the Web. The rate of data transfer in
                 3G networks may go beyond 2 Mbps.

                 MMS
                 MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) is a way to send and receive messages that include images, audio,
                 and video clips in addition to text. In 3G mobiles, even such messages are delivered instantly.

                 Fourth Generation (4G)

                 4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular service. It has integrated features of 3G with Internet compatibility
                 to support wireless mobile Internet, as the data transmission speed in Standard 4G (or 4G LTE) is around five
                 to seven times faster than 3G. 4G provides same features as 3G but with high data transfer speed.
                 It provides data transfer speed around 150Mbps. 4G enables flawless service in applications like wireless
                 broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, HDTV content, Digital
                 Video Broadcasting (DVB).
                 Some use Wi-Max technology in their 4G network, while other uses technology called Long Term Evolution,
                 or LTE in 4G Network in India.






                                                                                                  Networking     37
   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44