Page 14 - CA 165 ver 1.0 Class 10
P. 14

Apart from one to one communication, it has led people, organizations, government bodies, etc. to flash
                  information about themselves through their websites which can be viewed by any person across the
                  world.

                    HISTORY OF INTERNET

                  Internet maps its derivation back to 1969 when it evolved out of an experiment carried out by the defence
                  agency of the United States. The Department of US Defence was in the process of doing research and
                  technical development in the areas where few services of defence (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps)
                  had clear jurisdiction of operations.
                  This agency i.e, ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency), which was later known as DARPA (Defence
                  Advanced  Research  Project  Agency),  planned  to  create  a  computer  network  that  would  continue  to
                  operate even during emergency or disastrous situations like war.

                  This led to the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) which worked to
                  link US Scientific and Academic Researchers for exchanging data and messages between one computer
                  to another. ARPANET started as a four-node network in December 1969.
                  By the 1970’s, ARPA helped in the development of a new protocol known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control
                  Protocol / Internet Protocol) for transferring and tracking data between the networks so that they can
                  reach the destination safely.

                  By the 1980’s, another federal agency of US named the National Science Foundation (NSF) used ARPANET
                  to connect its five regional supercomputer centres located at different universities so that their multiple
                  users could share the resources among themselves. Later, NSF created a more sophisticated network called
                  NSFNET (the National Science Foundation Network) which was a series of networks that was utilized for
                  research and development.

                  The link between ARPANET, NSFNET and other networks was termed as Internet. (The process of connecting
                  separate networks is called Internetworking. A collection of ‘networked networks’ is described as being
                  inter-networked i.e., from where the ‘Internet’ gets its name).
                  Initially NSFNET was meant only for the purpose of academic research and was not in use for any
                  private organization. As NSFNET did not permit its use to private organization, several private
                  telecommunication companies built their own network backbones that used the same set of
                  networking protocols as NSFNET.

                  The original ARPANET lost its existence in 1990 and the government discontinued funding NSFNET in
                  1995 and the commercial internet services replaced them. By the early 1990’s, the Internet expanded
                  dramatically and the tool that was made for communication in wars  found its  way into general and
                  commercial use (i.e., business, home, education, etc.).
                    INTERNET TERMINOLOGY

                  Let us now learn about some basic terms related to the Internet we come across in our daily lives.

                  Web Servers

                  A web server is the principal computer or server that stores the contents of different websites. It provides
                  data and information to computers on request which are connected to it through the network via Internet.




                    12   Touchpad Computer Applications-X
   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19