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Programmable Automation
This type of automation is used in manufacturing and production systems where equipment can
be reprogrammed to handle different tasks. It is especially useful in scenarios where product
designs change occasionally or when small batches of different products need to be produced
using the same machinery.
For example, an assembly line in a car factory may be programmed today to install car engines,
and tomorrow, after reprogramming, it could be used to install car dashboards.
Flexible Automation
These machines are used in environments where production changes frequently, and operations
are carried out in small batches without needing to stop the machine. They are also referred to
as soft automation.
For example, a robotic arm in a factory can automatically switch from assembling one type of
mobile phone to another without being reprogrammed each time. These machines are highly
flexible and change over quickly.
Intelligent Automation (IA)
This machine integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and automation to create
systems that can learn, analyse data, and make decisions independently.
For example, a customer care chatbot that interacts with users, understands their queries, learns
from conversations, and provides better responses over time. These systems go beyond simple
programmed tasks—they can adapt to new situations and improve over time through experience.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
Robotic Process Automation refers to the use of software bots that mimic human actions to
perform repetitive digital tasks on a computer. These bots are designed to follow rule-based
instructions to complete tasks quickly and accurately.
For example, bots that read emails, copy data into spreadsheets, or process invoices. These
machines are completely computer-based and do not involve any physical robots.
Application Areas of Automation
Automation is transforming industries worldwide. It is impacting almost every aspect of our
lives, from healthcare and traffic control to reducing costs. Automation encompasses robotics
and other automated systems, as well as software and processes, designed to enhance our
daily lives.
Introduction to AI and Automation 15

