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3.   Cancer → More lung damage (+): Once cancer begins, it further harms the lungs, making
                      the condition worse.
                  4.  Cancer → More smoking (+): In some cases, a person may continue smoking even after
                      being diagnosed, which increases the problem.
                  5.  Lung damage → Smoking (–): As lung damage gets worse, the person may feel symptoms
                      like shortness of breath, which might lead them to reduce or quit smoking. This creates
                      negative feedback that may help control the damage.

                  Feedback loops

                     •  Positive feedback loop (Reinforcing)
                        Smoking → Lung damage → Cancer → More lung damage → Worsening health

                       This loop keeps making the problem worse if nothing is done to stop it. It’s like a snowball
                      effect—things keep getting worse.

                     •  Negative feedback loop (Balancing)
                        Lung damage → Difficult breathing → Person quits smoking → Less lung damage

                       This loop helps stop the problem from growing. It can lead to better health outcomes if
                      the person changes their behaviour.
                  Let us take another example to understand the concept of system map.

                  System map: Food Delivery System

                  Purpose

                  This system map visually represents the flow of interactions between the key components in an
                  online food delivery system.

                  Key elements in the system are:
                     •  Customer

                     •  Delivery App
                     •  Restaurant

                     •  Payment Gateway
                     •  Support Team

                  How the elements are connected (Cause and Effect)?

                     •  customer → Delivery App (+): More customers increase the number of orders through the app.
                     •  delivery App → Restaurant (+): More orders are forwarded to restaurants.
                     •  customer → Payment Gateway (+): More customers = more transactions.

                     •  payment  Gateway  →  Support  Team  (+):  More  transactions  may  lead  to  more  queries
                      needing support.

                     •  customer → Support Team (+): More customers may also result in more issues or feedback.
                     •  restaurant  →  Support  Team  (–):  Efficient  restaurant  performance  reduces  customer
                      complaints, lowering pressure on the support team.


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