Page 6 - Ai V2.0 Flipbook C8
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INSIDE THE SERIES




                             The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better
                                                     learning and assessment.


                                                  Learning Resources
                               02        STAGES OF AI

                  Learning Outcomes:    PROJECT CYCLE                                                      Brainy Fact:
                  It provides an overview of the                                     It presents an interesting fact relevant
                  unit/chapter contents.                                                      to the topic or the chapters.

                         Learning Outcomes
                                                                                   Brainy Fact
                   • Overview of Stages of AI Project Cycle  • Problem Scoping  A robot built in the late 1990s called Kismet could recognise emotions through human body
                   • Data Acquisition  • Data Exploration                     language and voice tone.
                   • Modelling        • Evaluation—The Testing Stage
                   • Deployment
                                                                             Ethical Issues with AI
                                                                             Let us now understand different ethical issues using AI.
                      I was reading about the stages of the AI project cycle,
                      and it seems quite interesting.
                  AI Game:                  That sounds exciting! What happens after that?  Bias and Discrimination
                                                                                                           At a Glance:
                                                                             AI  systems  can  inherit  biases  present  in  their  training  data,  leading  to  unfair  outcomes.  For
                  It contains an interesting game or activity for            example, facial recognition software has been found to have higher error rates for people with
                   It is! The AI project cycle involves different stages, and each
                       •
                      Wait for the AI’s response: After you play a note or a tune, the AI listens and plays its own
                   one plays a crucial role in building a successful AI model.            This section provides a summary
                                         After modelling, we move on to evaluation, where we test
                  the students to try on their own or with their             darker skin tones. It is crucial to ensure AI systems are trained on diverse and representative data
                      part right after you.
                                         the model's  performance. Finally, the deployment stage
                                                                             to avoid discrimination.
                                         puts the model into real-world use.                              of the chapter.
                       •
                      Try different notes: Try playing different notes and rhythms to see how the AI adapts to
                  classmates to learn how the game mechanics
                      Can you explain the stages to me? I’m a bit confused
                      your music.
                      about how it all comes together.                       Privacy Violations
                  work while having fun.    Wow, so there’s a clear step-by-step process.  AI systems often require large amounts of personal data. Without proper safeguards, this data
                       •
                      Make you duet: You can keep playing, and the AI will keep responding, helping you create
                                                                                   At a Glance
                      a beautiful duet.                                      can be misused, leading to privacy breaches. It is important to implement strong data protection
                   Sure! First, there's the problem scoping stage, where you   measures and ensure transparency in data usage.
                                                                                   • AI project cycle offers a structured roadmap for creating effective AI solutions.
                   define the problem you want to solve. After that, you move   21 st  Century   #Technology Literacy    • Problem scoping involves identifying a real-world issue that can be addressed using AI.
                                                   Skills
                   to data acquisition to gather the relevant data.  Exactly! Each stage builds on the previous one to create an
                                                                                   • The  Problem  Scoping  phase  includes  identifying  the  problem,  understanding  the  context,
                          GAME         A.I. Duet                             Lack of Transparency
                                         effective AI solution.
                                                                                 defining goals and objectives, identifying stakeholders, setting project boundaries.
                      Okay, and what comes next?                             Many AI systems operate as “black boxes”, meaning their decision-making processes are not
                      About the Game
                                                                                   • The 4Ws Problem Canvas is a helpful tool used to break down and understand the problem step
                                                                                 by step.
                                         Let’s learn more about how the Stages of AI Project Cycle   easily  understood.  This  lack  of  transparency  can  lead  to  mistrust  and  accountability  issues.
                      A.I. Duet listens to the notes played by us and based on all the music it has heard in the   Developing explainable AI is essential for building trust.
                                         come together in practice.                • The problem statement template helps us to put together all the key points into a single template
                      past, and responds by playing its own notes.               for future reference.
                   Next,  it's the  data exploration stage.  You  need to  clean   Job Displacement
                                                                                   • Different problems require different types of data, and each data type brings unique value and
                      How to Play?
                   and analyse the data to understand its patterns. Then, we     challenges.
                   proceed to modelling, where we build the AI model.        Automation  through  AI  can  lead  to  job  losses  in  certain  sectors.  While  AI  can  create  new
                      Step 1:    Visit  https://experiments.withgoogle.com/ai/ai-duet/view/  OR  scan
                                                                                   • Data for any project, including AI projects, can be collected from two main sources: Primary and
                          the QR code to play the game.                      opportunities, it is important to consider the social impact and provide support for affected
                                                                                 Secondary sources.
                      Step 2:    Click on the Play button to begin. A virtual Piano will appear on your screen.  workers.  • AI modelling techniques can be broadly classified into two approaches, namely, rule-based and
                                                                                 learning-based.
                      26  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-VIII   Security Risks
                  AI Innovators:                                             AI systems can be vulnerable to attacks, such as data poisoning or adversarial inputs, which can
                                                                             manipulate their behaviour. Ensuring robust security measures is vital to protect AI systems from
                  It presents information about the                          malicious activities.       Video Session:
                                                                               Tick ( ) the correct option.
                  pioneers in the field of AI.                               Autonomous Weapons
                                                                                         This section contains a link of the

                                                                                1.  When data is labelled, which learning technique is used?
                                                                             The development of AI-powered weapons raises ethical concerns about accountability and the
                      Step 3:    Press the Piano keys to create your own music. The notes you play will appear in   a.  Supervised learning      b.  Unsupervised learning
                                                                             potential for misuse in warfare. It is important to establish international regulations to govern
                          blue colour.                                       the use of such technologies. video related to the topic for better
                                                                                  c.  Reinforced learning
                                                                                                     d.  None of these

                      Step 4:    The AI will respond to your music with by yellow colour notes.     2.  Which AI technique learns by making decisions and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or
                                                                                  penalties?  understanding of the concept.
                                                                                  a.  Supervised learning      b.  Reinforced learning   55
                                                                                                            AI Ethics
                                                                                  c.  Unsupervised learning      d.  Rule-based AI   21 st  Century   #Media Literacy
                                                                                                             Skills
                                                                                  3.  The deployment of an AI model happens after which stage?
                                                                                    Video Session
                         CEO of Google and Alphabet, Sundar Pichai has played     a.  Evaluation      b.  Modelling
                         a key role in making AI a core part of Google’s services.   Watch the video of "A.I. Experiments: A.I. Duet" at the given link:
                                                                                  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZE1bfPtvZo&t=5s  OR scan the QR
                         Under his leadership, Google AI has developed powerful   c.  Data exploration      d. Problem scoping
                                                                                  code and answer the following question:
                         technologies  like  Google  Assistant,  Google  Lens,  and      4.  What is the first step in the AI project cycle?
                  Data Collection                                                 a.  Data Acquisition      b.  Problem Scoping
                         BERT  (Bidirectional  Encoder  Representations  from
                      This game helps you understand how AI (artificial intelligence) can work with music. You’ll   What does A.I. Duet use to play a duet with the computer?
                  Data collection is the process of gathering information from various sources to gain insights,   c.  Modelling      d.  Evaluation
                         Transformers), which helps improve search results using
                      see how your music and the AI’s music come together, showing how AI can help make
                         deep learning. Pichai has also overseen Google’s expansion
                  make decisions, or solve problems. It can involve different methods such as surveys, interviews,      5.  Which of the following data types is NOT usually collected during Data Acquisition?
                      music more creative.
                         in  AI  research,  including  self-driving  technology,  smart
                  observations, and experiments. The data collected can be either primary, gathered firsthand by   a.  Textual Data      b.  Numerical Data
                         home devices, and advanced machine learning tools.
                                                                                  c.  Visual Data
                  the researcher, or secondary, obtained from existing sources like books, websites, or reports.   Art—Stylize     d.  Hypothetical Data
                         36
                           Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-VI
                  Accurate and reliable data collection is essential as it forms the foundation for analysis and   AI tools for art help users create and stylize images by adding different artistic effects. These
                  interpretation in any field of study or research.             tools analyse the content and style of images, helping artists create unique pieces based on their
                                                                                     Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-VIII
                                                                                   46
                                                  Sundar Pichai                 chosen inputs. Unlike traditional style transfer methods, which require both a content image and
                                                                                                            AI Glossary:
                  Data Visualisation                                            a style image, Arbitrary Style Transfer allows any artistic style to be applied to an image. This
                                                                                means users don't need a predefined style and can create creative transformations based on any
                  Data visualisation is the process of presenting data in a graphical or pictorial format to make   style they desire. For example,
                  it easier to understand and interpret. Instead of looking at long lists of numbers, data can   This section contains definition of
                  Activity:                                                       Image              important AI terms.
                  be shown using bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, histograms, and other visual tools. These
                  visuals help in identifying patterns, trends, and comparisons quickly. Data visualisation makes
                  This section offers a hands-on activity that                    1
                                  CEO of OpenAI, Sam Altman has been at the forefront
                                  of generative AI research, leading the development
                  complex information more accessible and is widely used in fields like business, science, and
                  promotes experiential learning for students.                                        AI  =
                                  of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and DALL·E. Under his leadership,
                  education to support decision-making.
                                  OpenAI has created large language models (LLMs)
                                  that can generate human-like text, assist in creative   GLOSSARY
                                  writing, and even help with coding. Altman’s work is   Image
                                                                                                              Output
                                                                                   2  Anonymity:  The  state  of  not  revealing  someone's  identity,  especially  when  collecting  or
                   Activity       pushing the boundaries of AI-powered automation,   analysing data.
                                  with  applications  in  education,  content  creation,
                  Birthday Month  and business intelligence.                         Bias: An unfair preference or prejudice in a system that can lead to incorrect or unjust outcomes
                                                                                     in AI decisions.
                  Purpose: To collect data, represent visually and analyse      Working of AI in Stylize
                                                                                     Chatbots: AI-based programs that simulate human conversation and are often used in customer
                                                                                The working process to create an image using Stylize is as follows:
                  Divide the class into four groups based on the following criteria:  service or online help desks.
                                                                                  •  Select a content image: Choose the image you want to transform, like a photo or a drawing.
                  a.  The month with the most birthdays                              Computer Vision: It is a field of Artificial Intelligence that enables computers to understand
                          Sam Altman
                                                                                  •  Select an artistic style: Instead of using a style image, you can choose any style you want
                                                                                     and interpret the visual world.
                  b.  The month with the least birthdays                         (for example, the style of a famous artist, a painting, or a unique effect).
                                                                                     Confidentiality: Ensuring that personal or sensitive information is kept private and only
                  c.  Birthdays falling between the 1st and 15th of the month      •  Apply the style: The AI tool analyses the content of your chosen image and applies the
                                                                                     shared with authorised people.
                  d.  Birthdays falling between the 16th and the 30th/31st of the month    selected artistic style to it.
                                                                                     Consent: Permission given by someone to use their data or involve them in a process, usually
                                                                                  •  Combine the results: The AI combines the content and the style, producing a new image
                                                                                     after being informed about its use.
                  Activity Introduction                                          where the content remains, but the style has been completely transformed.
                         116
                            Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-VII
                                                                                     Ethics: Moral principles that guide how technology, like AI, should be used responsibly and fairly.
                  •   This activity is about data collection and analysis.
                                                                                     Expert System: An AI program that mimics the decision-making ability of a human expert by
                                                                                                           AI Around Us
                                                                                                                 37
                  •  In this activity, students will collect data from their classmates about their birthday months.  using a knowledge base and set rules.
                  •  They will then use Microsoft Excel (or Google Sheets or any similar tool) to create a   Face Recognition: It is a way of identifying or confirming an individual’s identity using their faces.
                     graph and visually represent the data.                          Fuzzy Logic: A way of reasoning used in AI that deals with approximate values rather than only
                                                                                     true or false, helping machines handle uncertainty and partial truth.
                  •  The purpose is to help students understand how to collect, visualise, and interpret
                     information using basic data tools.                             Machine Learning: A type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that allows computers to learn from data
                                                                                     and improve their performance without being specifically programmed.
                  Each group will create a scrapbook to paste pictures, further categorise their data based   Natural Language Processing: A field of AI that helps computers understand, interpret, and
                  on any one of the following options: season of birth, Kind of learner (Auditory / Visual /   respond to human language, like voice commands or chat messages.
                  kinaesthetic), Intelligence they possess and career/ industry they aim for.   Neural Network: A system of algorithms inspired by the human brain that helps computers
                                                                                     recognise patterns and solve problems like image recognition or speech processing.
                                                                                     Robotics: The design, construction, and use of robots to do tasks that are often repetitive,
                                                                                     dangerous, or difficult for humans.
                                                                                     Statistical Data: Information collected in numerical form that helps in analysing trends, making
                                                                                     predictions, and drawing conclusions.
                      44  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-VII
                                                                                     System Map: A visual diagram that shows how different parts of a system are connected and how
                                                                                     they influence each other.
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