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INSIDE THE SERIES




                          The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better
                                                 learning and assessment.

                                                  Learning Resources
                                                UNIT-1
              Learning Outcomes:
                                COMMUNICATION SKILLS-III
              It provides an overview of the                                                               At a Glance:
              unit/chapter contents.                                                      This section provides a summary
                                                                                                          of the chapter.
                     Learning Outcomes
                                                                                   At a Glance
                •  Communication—An Introduction   •  Perspectives in Communication
                •  7Cs of Communication   •  Factors Affecting Communication       •  Communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or more people or within a group to achieve a
                •  Methods of Communication   •  Public Speaking                  common understanding.
                •  Saying No-Refusal Skills   •  Basics of Pronunciation           •  The ability to clearly communicate and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all your dealings
                •  Communication Styles   •  Parts of Speech                      with others.
                •  Writing Skills - Sentences   •  Greetings                       •  Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., give and take.
                •  Introducing Yourself—Talking about ‘Self’   •  Asking Questions    •  Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information.
                •  Discussing Family   •  Habits and Routines                      •  Reading and listening to someone are examples of taking in information.
                •  Asking for Directions                                           •  Verbal communication is the exchange of information using words.
                                                                                   •  Verbal communication is of two types—Oral and written communication.
               You probably hear people talking about communication all the time. Everyone needs it and wants it, but what exactly is     •  Oral or Spoken Communication takes place during face-to-face conversations, group discussions, telephone
                                                                                  calls, and any other circumstances where spoken words are used to express meaning.
              AI Game:                                                             •   •  Written Communication refers to the process of conveying your message through written language.
               communication?
               In this unit, we will learn about communication, methods of communication and different types of communication styles.
                                                                                  Non-verbal communication is the transmission of a message without using words. We send signals and
              It contains an interesting game or activity                          •  messages to others through our expressions, gestures and body posture.
               Next, you will learn about basics of writing styles.
                                                                                  Visual communication involves sending and understanding the message through images or pictures alone.
              for the students to try on their own or with                         •   •  To communicate well when you speak, you must know how to pronounce words correctly.
                  Communication—An Introduction
                                                                                  A ‘style’ of communication includes verbal as well as non-verbal skills.
               Communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or more people or within a group to achieve a common
              their classmates to learn how the game                               •  Being assertive is the most effective communication style that involves expressing your opinion and desires
               understanding. The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word ‘communicare’, which means to share. The ability to
                                                                                  without ignoring others or yourself.
               clearly communicate and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all your dealings with others. Speaking more
              mechanics work while having fun.                                     •  A self-confident person who believes in himself uses positive language, seeks positive results and positively
                                                                                  respects the opinions of others.
               than one language can help you communicate well with people around the world. Communication skills are required to:
               •  Inform: For example, announcing the latest assessment guidelines given by CBSE.    •  A sentence is a group of words that make complete sense.
               •  Influence: For example, negotiating with a shopkeeper for a discount.     •   •  The various words that we use in sentences are parts of speech.
                                                                                  A group of sentences forms a paragraph.
                                           #Experiential Learning
               •  Express feelings: For example, say that you are enthusiastic about your success or an assigned task.    •  A question is a phrase or word that asks for information or is used to test someone's knowledge.
                        GAME  02    Survival of the Best Fit                       •  Questions can be closed or open-ended.
               The Communication Process                                           •  The type of adjective that describes relationships or properties is called possessive adjectives.


               Communication is  the process  of transmission  of an appropriate message  from a sender to a receiver through a     •  Possessive adjectives can be used to indicate the relationship between people and the owners of things.
                                                                                                         Video Session:
                 Survival of the Best Fit is a game that teaches about bias in AI hiring. It shows how using AI wrongly can
               transmission channel in a proper format. The communication process helps in sharing of a common meaning between     •  Habits are the practices we follow, especially those that are very difficult to break or give up.
               the sender and the receiver. Let us study all these elements in detail.
                 make machines have the same biases as people, leading to more unfairness. Many discussions about AI see
               •  Sender: Can be any person, group or an organisation that initiates the process of communication. The sender’s knowledge,   This section contains a link of the
                 it as a danger to humans, but this game shifts that perspective. It helps people learn about AI and ask for
                experiences and skills influence the quality of the message.                   Exercise
                 more responsibility from those making these widespread software systems.
                                         Communication Skills-III  19                  video related to the topic for better
                 Play the bias game:- https://www.survivalofthebestfit.com/game/
                                                                                            understanding of the concept.
                                                                                              Solved Questions
                                                                                           SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)
                                                                                  uiz
                                                                                A.   Tick ( ) the correct option.
                                                                                                         #Experiential Learning
                                                                                    Video Session
                                                                                 1.   Which of the following is definition of open questions?
                                                                                   a.  Questions that lead to other questions      b.  Questions that do not have answers

                                                                                   c.  Questions with yes or no answers
                                                                                  Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video: Communication—Basics and Importance
                                                                                                   d.  Questions whose answers are not limited
              AI Glossary:                                                        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Lkb7OSRdGE  Communication Skills-III  39
                                                                                  After watching the video, answer the following question:
              This section contains                                               Why is communication important?
                 After playing the game, answer the following questions:
              definition of important AI terms.
                 a.
                   Do you think you were biased while hiring people?

                 b.   How can you make your decisions more transparent?
                                                                                  Factors Affecting Communication
                                                                               There are several factors that affect communication too. Let’s have a look at these. AI Innovators:
                                                                                                 Functional
                   At a Glance                                                           Positional    Relations  Experience
                                                                                          Relations
                   •  AI powers navigation apps, helping you find the best or most eco-friendly routes.   It presents information about the
                    AI Bias: It is a phenomenon which occurs when algorithm results are systematically biased against
                    a certain gender, language, race, wealth, etc.
                   •  Artificial intelligence ethics is a set of moral principles and practices designed to support the development   Group    pioneers in the field of AI.
                                                                                                         Misunderstanding
                  and responsible use of AI technology.                                 Relations  Factors that
                                                                                                 Influence
                    Chatbot: It is an AI application that can mimic a real conversation with a user in their natural
                   •  AI  ethics  is  a  multidisciplinary  field  focused  on  maximising  the  positive  effects  of  AI  while  minimising   Communication
                    language.
                                                                                       Educational
                  unintended or negative consequences.                                 Qualification       Hereditary
                                                                                                           Difference
                   •  Fairness is a crucial aspect of ethics in AI because it ensures that AI systems treat all individuals and groups
                    Clustering: It is an unsupervised machine learning technique that automatically divides the data
                  equitably and without bias.                                             Emotion       Geographical
                    into clusters or groups of similar elements.
                  Introducing Yourself—Talking about ‘Self’
                   •  Explainability in AI is crucial for ensuring that the decisions made by AI systems are understandable to humans.   & Feeling  Working   Difference
                    Cognitive Computing: It refers to individual technologies that perform specific tasks to enable
                   •
                  Robustness in AI ethics refers to the capacity of AI systems to perform reliably and accurately across various
               When you first meet someone, they might want to know more about you. You will need to “introduce yourself” by telling   Environment
                    human intelligence.
                  conditions.
               them about yourself. You usually start by saying your name. Then you can talk about other things, such as what you do,
                                                                                   Joy Buolamwini
                   •
                  Transparency in AI means being open and clear about how AI systems are created, how they work, and what
                    Conflict: It can be defined as a clash between two opposing forces that creates the narrative
               your age, where you live, or even things or activities that you like or dislike. For all these sentences, you will use nouns   Methods of Communication
                    thread for a story.
                  impacts they might have.
               and verbs.                                                      There are different methods of communication—Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual communication. Let us understand each one.
                                                                                   Joy Buolamwini is a computer scientist and founder of
              Brainy Fact:                                                     Verbal Communication
                                                                                   the Algorithmic Justice League. She is renowned for her
                    Correlation:  It  is  a  statistical  method  that  indicates  whether  a  pair  of  variables  has  a  linear
               Introducing yourself to Others
                    relationship and will change together.
                                                                                   research on bias in AI, especially in facial recognition
                                                                               Verbal communication is the exchange of information using words.
               The following is a way to introduce yourself (talk about your likes, dislikes, strengths and weaknesses) - Hello, my name is
              It presents an interesting fact relevant   415                   This  is  what most people use as a communication method. Verbal
                                            AI Ethics and Values
                                                                                   technologies,  where  she  uncovered  significant  racial
               Samarth, and I'm a grade 11 student with a passion for dancing and listening to music. I find joy and relaxation in these
                    Deep Learning: It is a subset of machine learning based on neural networks that permit a machine
                                                                                   and  gender  biases. A  graduate  of  MIT,  Buolamwini's
                                                                               communication is important. If you don't use the right words, you'll be
                    to train itself to perform a task.
               activities, which help me express myself creatively. While I excel in public speaking and enjoy engaging with audiences,
              to the topic or the chapters.                                    confused and you won't be able to convey your message. The types of
                                                                                   TED  Talk,  "How  I'm  fighting  bias  in  algorithms,"  has
               I must admit that I have a short temper. On the flip side, math is not my favorite subject, and I find hot summers quite
                                                                                   brought widespread attention to these issues. Her work
                    Design Thinking: It is a process to solve problems creatively by putting consumers' needs first.
               uncomfortable. However, I absolutely love spending time at the beach, where I can unwind and enjoy the serene beauty   verbal communication are:
                                                                                   has  influenced  policy  changes  and  increased  scrutiny
               of the ocean.                                                   •    Oral or Spoken Communication: This type  of communication
                                                                                   of AI systems. Buolamwini continues to advocate for
                    Machine Learning: It is a subset of AI that includes techniques that enable machines to improve   takes place during face-to-face conversations, group discussions,
                    at performing tasks with experience.                        telephone calls, and any other circumstances where spoken words   Joy Buolamwini
                                                                                   ethical and inclusive AI, ensuring technology serves all
                     Brainy Fact                                                are used to communicate your thoughts, present ideas and share
                                                                                   of society fairly.
                    Natural Language Processing (NLP): It is an area of artificial intelligence that employs natural   information.
                    language for interaction between computers and humans. (and sometimes forehead). This is
                 In New Zealand, people greet each other by pressing their noses   22  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-XI
                 referred to as “sharing of breath” by New Zealand’s indigenous Mori people. The greeting represents the
                    Relational Algebra: It is a set of algebraic operators and rules used to manipulate relational
                 sacred reception of a visitor into Mori culture and is used during powhiri (Mori welcoming ceremonies),
                    tables to generate the required information.
                 though the honour is not offered to everyone.
                    Regression: It is a Machine Learning algorithm used to analyse the relationship among dependent
                    (target) and independent (predictor) variables.
               Filling a Form
               Instead of speaking, you may be required to fill out a form with information about yourself. A form is a written or printed   Fei-Fei Li
               paper that has blank spaces for information. Filling out a normal form involves numerous steps to ensure   Fei-Fei Li is a renowned computer scientist and
                    Sentiment  Analysis:  It  is  also  called  Opinion  Mining  or  Emotion  AI,  uses  NLP  to  determine  that the
                    whether data is positive, negative, or neutral.
               essential information is delivered correctly:                                     professor  at Stanford University, specializing
               1.  Read Instructions: Please read any instructions provided at the beginning of the form.   in AI and machine learning. She co-founded
                    Structured Data: It is the type of data which we interact and work with every day.
               2.  Fill in Personal Details: Provide your full name, date of birth, and contact information.   ImageNet, a pivotal visual database that

                      Unstructured Data: It is the type of data which neither possesses any fixed data type nor the size
               3.  Provide Address Details: Enter your current residential address and any former addresses, if applicable.   has  significantly  advanced  deep  learning.  As
                    is fixed.
               4.  Complete Specific Sections: Depending on the form's purpose, fill out sections about education, employment, or   co-director of the Stanford Human-Centered AI
                other relevant information.    AI Glossary  459                                  Institute, Li advocates for ethical AI and diversity
               5.  Review and Correct: Check all of the information you submitted to ensure there are no errors or omissions.   in tech. Her tenure as Chief Scientist of AI/ML at
               6.  Sign and Date: Sign and date the paperwork as needed.                         Google Cloud focused on democratizing AI. Li’s
                                                                                        Fei-Fei Li  groundbreaking work and advocacy continue to
                  Asking Questions                                                               shape the future of AI
               A question is a phrase or word that asks for information or is used to test someone's knowledge. We always use a
               question mark (?) at the end of questions. In our daily interactions with other people, we often have to ask questions to
               get information. Asking the right questions can help us get the information we want.
               Questions that can be answered with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ are called closed questions. This is because response options are
               limited or closed. For example, when we asked, “Are you hungry?”, the answer can be ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
               Sometimes when we ask a question, we expect a more detailed answer. For example, when we ask, “What do you want
               to eat?", the answer could be: "I want to eat a mango". These are called open questions because their answer options
               are neither limited nor closed.                                  460  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-XI
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