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Entities, Relationships and Concepts
In NLP and AI, an entity is a significant piece of information or object in a text. An entity can be real-world objects such
as names, locations, organisations, or dates. They can also be defined as a noun representing a person, place, a thing
such as product name, technical phrase, or domain-specific concepts.
A relationship can be defined as a collection of two or more entities that share a strong bond with one another.
The following activities will show you how Groucho Marx’s joke can be tokenised into useful categories called entities
and relationships.
Task #Critical Thinking
Now keeping this in mind, identify the entities in the sentence [CBSE Handbook]
“I shot an elephant in my pajamas.”
Answer: I, elephant, pajamas
These relationships help to explain the structure and humorous intent of the sentence.
Task #Critical Thinking
Recall Groucho Marx’s quote: [CBSE Handbook]
“One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I'll never know.”
Now keeping this in mind, identify the relationship between the entities in Groucho Marx’s statement :
I + elephant, I + pajamas, in + pajamas, elephant + pajamas, I + shot
Answer: Relationship between two entities Not a relationship between two entities
I + elephant, I + pajamas
elephant + pajamas, I + shot in + pajamas
After an AI has identified entities and relationships within text or
speech, it can start organising the information as part of its process
to comprehend it. Interestingly, your brain performs a similar
function, which may have assisted you in recognising entities and
relationships in the above AI Task. Consider the given sentence:
“Siddharth ate the sweet dish. He always eats first.” Notice the link
between the two parts of the sentence: the word ‘he’ is linked to
the term ‘Siddharth’. The system identifies this association using
understanding and linking different parts of the text known as
coreference resolution. Coreference resolution is a crucial task in
NLP where the system determines when different words refer to
the same entity.
By recognising that ‘he’ refers to ‘Siddharth’, the AI can maintain coherence and context across sentences, much like how
humans understand and relate different parts of a conversation or text.
370 Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-XI

