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Goal 1: No Poverty                                                                           NO
                                                                                                           1 POVERTY
                 Poverty is one of the greatest challenge that the world has to overcome for many decades. Various
                 institutions are helping to reach this goal and they have seen success too. The poverty rate has
                 dropped drastically since 1990, but overall, there are still so many people struggling even with the
                 most basic human needs.
                 At present, more than 700 million people are living in extremely poor conditions, and the count is higher than in 2019.
                 Though poverty has dropped overall, the number of people facing a dearth of basic facilities is still very high.
                 Extreme poverty is seen in Sub-Saharan countries, and poverty is decreasing in East Asian countries. China and India
                 have been the most successful of all, in uplifting the people out of poverty.
                 Pointing out the same, the SDGs have directed themselves to eradicate poverty as much as possible, saying that there
                 should be no one below the poverty line after 2030. The goal is to work for the vulnerable and poorest of the poor
                 groups.


                 Goal 2: Zero Hunger
                 People are getting better nutrition all over the world because of improvements in agricultural productivity. Poor countries
                 like Central and East Asia and Latin America that used to suffer from famines and hunger have made improvements in
                 providing appropriate nutrition to their populations. Somehow, many countries are still facing the issue of hunger for
                 their people.

                    ZERO          Worldwide,  more  than  800 million people  are  undernourished,  and  over  90 million children  are
                 2 HUNGER
                                  dangerously malnourished. Food insecurity has increased in African countries, and a lot needs to
                                  be done to manage it. Even South American countries are working to uplift themselves from food
                                  scarcity because their children are undernourished. Thus, the United Nations has considered it and
                                  made “zero hunger" one of its goals.
                 The SDGs aim to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030, making sure all people—especially children—have
                 sufficient and nutritious food all year.
                 This SDG will require consistent support for the farmers by their government and the employment of all the means, like
                 providing technological access, markets, farm implements, fertilisers, and pesticides, to increase farm productivity. This
                 SDG also promotes international cooperation to increase farmers' access to techniques for increasing productivity.


                 Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
                                                                                                              GOOD HEALTH
                 The world is a better place to live now because of improved medical facilities. Life expectancy has   3 AND WELL-BEING
                 increased, and infant and maternal mortality have decreased drastically. Most of the life-threatening
                 diseases, like smallpox, are eradicated, and others, like HIV, are well under control.
                 For any country to develop and prosper, we need healthy citizens. The United Nations has underlined
                 its importance by making it its goal. This SDG aims to provide good nutrition and medical facilities
                 for people to overcome various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Health and good nutrition are the aims
                 of this SDG which cannot be achieved without alleviating poverty hence it also shows the interconnectedness of SDG
                 goals here.
                 Countries are making progress and rapid improvements in health conditions, but simultaneously, some countries need
                 to catch up as they have a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. Work also needs to be done to equalise the
                 efforts of the government to achieve SDG so that all sections of society, whether rich or poor, are gaining the same
                 benefits from the schemes and plans initiated by the government to achieve good health and well-being. The gender
                 equality goal also comes into play when different sections need healthcare.




                                                                               Introduction to Capstone Project  257
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