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6. List two benefits of AI.
Ans. Two benefits of AI are as follows:
• Increased efficiency and productivity: AI automates tasks, analyses data rapidly, and optimises processes,
boosting efficiency and productivity across various industries.
• Improved decision-making: AI processes vast amounts of data and uncovers patterns that humans might
miss, aiding in data-driven decision-making and potentially leading to better outcomes.
7. What is NLU?
Ans. Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a subfield of NLP that focuses on comprehending the meaning of human
language. It involves analysing text and speech to extract information, intent, and sentiment. NLU helps computers
understand what the language actually means.
8. Explain reinforcement learning. Name its algorithms also.
Ans. Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach where an agent learns to make decisions by interacting
with an environment to maximise cumulative rewards. The agent uses trial and error, receiving feedback as rewards
or penalties, to develop a strategy for optimal actions. It’s applied in scenarios like gaming, robotics, financial
management, and autonomous driving. Examples of reinforcement learning algorithms include Q-learning, Deep
Q-Networks (DQN), policy gradients, and actor-critic methods.
9. What is semi-structured data? Give an example of semi-structured data.
Ans. Semi-structured data falls somewhere between structured and unstructured data. While not as organised as
structured data, it is easier to handle than unstructured data. Semi-structured data uses metadata to identify certain
characteristics and organise data into fields, allowing for some level of organisation and analysis. An example of
semi-structured data is an email.
10. Name the 3 types of AI. Which one are we currently using? Which category does Ultron (character from the movie
Avengers: Age of Ultron) belong to?
Ans. Three types of AI include, Artificial Narrow Intelligence, Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence.
We are currently working with Artificial Narrow Intelligence. Ultron will fall under Artificial Super Intelligence
category.
B. Long answer type questions.
1. Differentiate between cognitive computing and artificial intelligence.
Ans. Cognitive Computing Artificial Intelligence
It focuses on imitating human behaviour and It boosts human thinking to solve complex
reasoning to solve complex problems. problems. Focus is on providing accurate results.
It mimics human thinking processes to find It finds patterns to learn from data and find
solutions to complex problems. solutions.
It provides extra information to help humans to It makes decisions on its own thereby reducing the
make decisions. role of humans.
It is mostly used in sectors like customer service, It is used in finance, security, healthcare, retail,
health care, industries, etc. manufacturing, etc.
2. Describe any four popular applications of AI.
Ans. Some popular applications of AI are:
i. Virtual Assistants—Alexa, Siri, OK Google. They set reminders, make calls, launch games, open websites, tell
you about the weather, date and time, greetings, news, etc.
ii. Self-Driving Cars—These autonomous vehicles combine AI software, sensors, real-time cameras to ensure safe
decisions on the road.
iii. Spam filters—These use AI to detect unwanted, and virus-infested emails (called spam) and stop them from
getting into email inboxes.
iv. Facial Recognition—Social media apps like Facebook and Snapchat use AI for tagging people and applying
face filters.
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