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SECTION B (Subjective Type Questions)
A. Short answer type questions.
1. When and why did IBM begin developing Project Debater?
Ans. In 2012, IBM began developing Project Debater, with the goal of creating a machine capable of more than
just winning debates with humans. IBM’s goal was to create a system that could assist individuals in making
evidence-based, bias-free decisions on complex problems where the answers were not evident.
2. Define entity and relationship.
Ans. An entity can be real-world objects such as names, locations, organisations, or dates. They can also be defined as
a noun representing a person, place, a thing such as product name, technical phrase, or domain-specific concepts.
A relationship can be defined as a collection of two or more entities that share a strong bond with one another.
3. Differentiate between frontend and backend of a chatbot.
Ans. A chatbot’s frontend is the messaging channel through which users interact and it has an easy-to-use interface.
However, one drawback of the frontend is that it may lack contextual understanding, which means it may struggle
to grasp the whole meaning or context of user communications. The backend of a chatbot is where the hard work
happens. The backend handles application logic and has enough memory to remember previous sections of a
discussion as it progresses.
4. “Computers excel in working with structured data, in which everything is properly organised and labelled.
Unfortunately for machines, human language is not structured.” What is so different about the human language?
Ans. Human language is extremely complex, with strange expressions that appear to contradict one another, vocabulary
that takes cultural knowledge to understand, and grammatical patterns that may turn simple statements into
complex expressions or tongue twisters.
5. Explain ‘concept’ with the help of an example.
Ans. A concept is an idea suggested or implied in a sentence but not actually stated. This is more challenging because
it requires connecting underlying ideas rather than just the specific words used. For example, George Carlin said:
“I went to a bookstore and asked the saleswoman, ‘Where’s the self-help section?’ She said if she told me, it would
defeat the purpose.”
B. Long answer type questions.
1. What are the steps for preparing and presenting a winning Project Debate?
Ans. A winning Project Debate can be prepared and presented following the given steps:
• Understanding: AI has huge data at its disposal, several billion passages from articles, magazines, newspapers,
books, and journals. AI machine on understanding the topic create a vocabulary corpus and collate the data
from its whole pool of sources.
• Reasoning: After the analysis a short speech is made from different text collected from varied sources with every
minute detail presenting a compelling argument, in logical order, using good vocabulary.
• Learning: Learn and understand the meaning of facts related to the topic. Gather and arrange facts supporting
your argument and formulate your arrangement each time when new evidence arrives. This will help you find
updated or completely new information that can score points against your opponent’s position.
• Interacting: Listen to your opponent’s arguments and opinions, then present a convincing altercation that
further proves your case.
Leveraging Linguistics and Computer Science 391

