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• poor coordination amongst the employees due to complex organisational structure will lead to filtering and
          misinterpretation of the information.

        1.10.5. Cultural Barrier

        Culture is values and principles followed in the lives of people living in society. It is the sharing of customs,
        rituals, beliefs, ideas, art, knowledge, values, morals, ideals, etc. amongst people living in their own geographically
        restricted areas.
           • As mindset of people of different cultures are different, so is their language, signs and symbols. This causes a
          barrier to communication.
           • Culture also gives rise to prejudices and stereotypes. These become the societal norms, thus becoming a barrier
          to effective communication amongst people of different cultures.
           • Different cultures adopt different ways of communication. For example, some cultures may be very open while
          others may be orthodox, thus affecting ways people communicate among various cultural sects. For example, in
          Arab countries it is considered to be a social crime to greet an opposite gender by shaking hands.


        1.11. MEASURES TO OVERCOME BARRIERS IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

        After we are able to recognise the barriers in effective communication, we should focus on overcoming them.
        Removing barriers is one of the easiest ways to improve communication. Some of the important measures we
        should use to overcome barriers are listed below:
           • Clarify the idea before communication: The sender should be clear with the main objective of the message to
          be communicated to the receiver.
           • Communicate according to the need of the receiver: The structure and the content of the message should be
          prepared keeping in mind the actual requirement and the level of understanding of the receiver.
           • Be aware of language, content and tone of the message: The language of the message should be simple
          and clear. The content should be designed keeping in mind the level of understanding the receiver and the tone
          should not hurt the receiver.
           • Keep in mind to take proper feedback: Feedback ensures effective communication between a sender and a
          receiver. In verbal communication an oral or written feedback can be taken as a response from the receiver. In
          non-verbal communication, it can be in the form of body language postures and gestures.
           • Be an active listener: Try to have an active conversation and be attentive to the needs of the receiver. If the
          receiver is a good listener, then this helps him to understand the message of the sender. If the sender is a good
          listener, then this helps him to interpret the feedback of the receiver. This builds a good connectivity between
          sender and receiver.
           • Follow  up the communication:  A regular  follow up and review of the communication is  important for
          appropriate actions. Such follow up helps in removing barriers in effective communication. Try to communicate
          in person as much as possible to avoid misinterpretation of the information.
           • Respect the cultural difference:  Do not  impose your  assumptions  on culture,  religion, or  geography.
          Communication is to be done by respecting cultural diversities.


        1.12. BASIC WRITING SKILLS

        Writing skills is the ability to use the language tools and knowledge in a most effective way into words that have
        some meaningful form. Writing skills allow people to connect without physically being present in a room.




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