Page 6 - Data Science class 10
P. 6

INSIDE THE SERIES





            The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation of the
            concepts learnt.




            Learning Resources



                                                            Do  you Know?
              COMMUNICATION                                                              • Standing with your hands clasped behind your back
              SKILLS-II                                     This section presents a      • Playing with your hair or nose
                                                                                         • Putting your head in your hands
                                 01                         fact about the topic.       The first modern book on body language appeared more than 350 years ago.
                                                                                       Eye Contact
                                                                                       Keeping a proper eye contact shows you are mentally present
                Learning Outcome                                                       and  actively  involved  in  communication.  The  way  you  look
                                                                                       at someone will reflect some of the strongest emotions and
                 1.1.  Communication                                                   feelings during a social conversation. Rolling your eyes express
               1.2.  Learning Objectives of Effective Communication  1.3.  Communication Cycle  displeasure or unhappiness with a situation. Eye contact helps
               1.4.  Different Methods of Communication   1.5.  Impact of Body Language   you:
               1.6.  Feedback   1.7.  Effective Communication                            • Facilitate the connection with your audience in a meeting,
               1.8.  Principles of Effective Communication   1.9.  7Cs of Effective Communication   conference, presentation, etc.
               1.10. Barriers to Effective Communication                                 • Improve your concentration
               1.11. Measures to Overcome Barriers in Effective Communication            • Give confidence and authority
               1.12. Basic Writing Skills    1.13. What is a Sentence?                   • Retain the important points of conversation
               1.14. Parts of Speech   1.15. Use of Articles                             • Express your emotions like sadness, happiness, surprise, fear, etc.
                                             Learning Outcome                          Body Posture
             Communication plays a very important  role in the personal and  professional  development of a person. As a
             student an effective and good communication skill will bring confidence and help you to excel in all areas. No   Body posture is the position of the human body and its alignment and orientation with respect to non-verbal
             matter which language you choose, you need to be good in reading, writing and speaking skills. In this unit we will   communication. During a conversation, the way you sit or stand and communicate your body postures to the others
             learn the different methods of communication which bring a positive impact in a student life.  This section provides an  overview   depends a lot on your attitude and emotional state. Before you start a conversation, standing straight and holding
             1.1. COMMUNICATION                                                        your head high will have a great impact on the crowd.
                                                                                       The correct body postures for effective non-verbal communication are:
             The word 'Communication' is derived from the Latin word communicare, meaning 'to share'.   of the chapter contents.    • Keep your shoulders straight and body relaxed.
             The dictionary meaning of the term 'Communication', is the act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas or     • Sit straight while resting your hands and feet in a relaxed position.
             feelings.                                                                   • While standing, keep your hands by your sides.
             Wikipedia defines Communication as the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through
             the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.        Appearance
             Thus, Communication is defined as a process of exchange of information between two or more people by speaking,   Appearance includes our choice of colour, body cleanliness, properly dressed, hairstyles, etc. When you are speaking
             writing, signalling or using any other effective medium. Clear and concise communication is an important factor   in public, you may be representing your organisation or just yourself. You should ensure that you are properly and
             for meaningful interpretation of information.                             neatly dressed. It also increases your self-confidence and you will definitely feel good about yourself.
             There are three important parts of Communication:                         Personal Space and Proximity
               • Transmission: The sender transmits the message to the receiver through a medium.  Personal Space refers to the appropriate distance during a conversation or space surrounding each person. Factors
               • Receiver: The receiver gets the message and interprets it into meaningful information.   like regional culture, gender, age, ethnicity, or topic of conversation affects a personal distance. While going in
               • Feedback: The feedback of this  meaningful information is  conveyed back to the sender to complete the   Recap  a lift, if a stranger enters, we feel uncomfortable and try making no eye contact and acting busy. Similarly, if a
             communication cycle.                                                      classmate sits on your seat, you will try your best to convince him to go to some other place as we have a claim of
                                                                                       our own space and have a sense of control on it.
                                                      This  section   provides   a
                                 Communication Skills-II  11
                                                      summary  of the  chapter  for    16  Touchpad Data Science-X
                                                      quick recapitulation.
                Activity                                                               Glossary
                This section contains a topic-based     • Prioritise: Everything cannot be important at the same time. So arrange your list of work in the order of their   This section contains definition of
                                                    importance. This will align your work well and will bring confidence in your performance.
                practical  activity for the students     Write down the deadlines for projects, or for tasks that are part of completing the overall project. Check your   common data science terms.
                                                    submission deadlines and start working on the assignment whose deadline is close.
                to explore and learn.                • Control: Having control of your time spent on different types of activities will help you live the life of your
                                                    choice. If you plan your day well it will improve your productivity. Do not waste time on things which are of no
                                                    importance and will mislead you from achieving your day to day targets.
                                                     • Track: Keep a track of your time you spend in your daily life. This way you will waste less time on unwanted
                                                    activities. You will be able to analyse the level of achieving your short term and long term goals at the end of
                                                    the day.
                                                   Tips for Practicing the Four Steps for Effective Time Management are:
              Know Yourself                          • Plan your activities to avoid any delay or postponement of assigned tasks.
              You might choose to do things that society wants you to do. Sometimes you indulge in an activity just to make     • Organise your work. Keep your desk clean. Put everything in place at home and in school. Put the books back
              your family happy without even thinking whether you want it or not.   on the shelves.
              Knowing your strengths, weaknesses, values, interests, skills, and abilities will help you transform your thoughts,     • Find a place with minimum disturbance so that you are able to complete your assigned tasks.  GLOSSARY
              feelings and actions into a life full of peace and happiness. It is very important to learn about your true self and     • Make a reasonable ‘To do’ list.
              identify the qualities that make you unique.
                                                     • Prioritize your task based on its importance.
              The answer to the most important question “Who am I” will help you identify your true self. This can be done by     • Spend your time efficiently.  Subject Enrichment
              finding out about:
                 • Your beliefs that control your thoughts and feelings.    • Look for activities that save you from waiting time on insignificant activities.    1.  Median: It is the “middle” value in the list of numbers.
                 • Your background and past experience will shape your decision in future.    2.  Mode: It is the number that appears the most in a dataset.
                 • Your opinions about yourself will shape your personality and will give you clarity and understanding about your life.  Recap    3.  Variance: It measures the distance of each number in the data set from the mean and also from every other
                 • Your likes and dislikes will help you prioritize your activities and will keep you emotionally healthy.  number in the set.
                 • Your values that persuade your choices you make in life.    • Self management skills help you stay on track and create a path of success for yourself.     4.  Standard Deviation: It is a statistic that measures the degree of dispersion of a data set relative to its average.
                                                     • Stress is a short term or long-term response of the body due to physical, emotional or psychological changes in us.
              Strength and Weakness                  • Stress Management is a method or a technique used to make changes in your lifestyle, thoughts, emotions that help you     5.  Prejudice: It means preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
              Strength is a positive trait that enhances your knowledge, skills, talent and brings confidence in what you do. They   relax your mind and body to minimise the effects of stress.    6.  Discrete Data: It refers to the data that accepts only particular values. For example, if you take a test, you can
              are the talents and abilities that uniquely identifies you. It helps you believe in your capabilities and use them     • Working independently is the ability of a person to work with full efficiency on assigned tasks without any interference or   pass or fail in it.
                                                    supervision.
              efficiently to achieve your goals.     • Conscious knowledge of your own understanding, beliefs, character and behaviour is called self-awareness.    7.  Probability Distribution: It is a mathematical approach that displays the likely values for a variable and how
              Weakness is a negative trait that brings unhappiness and sometimes pulls away from the path of success in life. It     • Self-motivation is the force that drives you to do things to achieve your goals.   frequently they occur.
              is also sometimes associated with pain, trauma, and negative emotions.    • Self-regulation is the ability to keep your emotions and your behavior in check and think reasonably before putting it into     8.  Frequency: It is the number of times an event or a value occurs.
                                                    action.
              Knowing about your strengths and weakness will help you:                      9.  Frequency Table: It is a table that lists items and shows the number of times the items occur.
                 • Understand what you can do and what is difficult for you.  Solved Exercise    10.  Central Tendency: It means the value derived from the random variables in the set of data that reflects the
                 • To work on turning your weakness into your strength.                    midpoint of the data distribution.
                 • To gain confidence and achieve your goals in life.  SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)    11.  Opinion: It is a statement that expresses a feeling, an attitude, a value judgment, or a belief. It is a statement
                                                                                           that is neither true nor false.
                                                   A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
               Activity  3                            1.  Which one of the following is a sign of good stress?    12.  Preference: It is the act of selecting or having a particular preference for one person or thing rather than
                                                                                           another or others.
                                                     a.  Excited      b.  Pain in body
               Answer the following questions:       c.  Fever      d.  Irritating nature     13.  Confirmation Bias: It is  a something which does not happen due to the lack of data  availability. It is a
                                                                                           phenomenon wherein data scientists or analysts tend to lean towards data that is in alignment with their
               1.  What are your top four qualities or strengths? List them.               beliefs, views, and opinions.
               2.  How do you use them in your school life?     2.  Why does a good sleep plays an important role?
               3.  Your one strength which you used recently to get good grades in your project.  a.  Spend quality time with family        b.  Rejuvenates body     14.  Z-score: It is the position of a point in terms of its distance from the mean when it is calculated in standard
                                                                  d.  All of these
                                                                                           deviation units.
                                                     c.  Motivates you
               4.  Which negative trait in you gives you pain and disturbs you mentally? (Any three)
                                                    52  Touchpad Data Science-X             15.  Data Governance: It is a collection of processes, roles, policies, standards, and metrics that ensure the effective
              Difference between Interests and Abilities                                   and efficient use of information to help an organization reach its objectives.
              Interest is something you prefer to do and you enjoy doing it. It provides you a direction to develop your habits
              and skills. If you are interested in anything then motivation comes automatically. On your own you will put extra
              time and efforts to complete an assigned task. Learning what you enjoy will help you develop your skills in it
              so that you can pursue it as a career in future. You may be good at playing guitar so give more time to it, enjoy
              exploring it and may pursue it as a career in future.
              Ability comes naturally without any effort. It is your talent that you acquire naturally. It is a key for your happiness
              in life. It enables you to do a particular task efficiently with full confidence and good results.  Glossary  215
                                  Self-Management Skills-II  49
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