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4. What exactly is the definition of confidentiality, privacy and personal data by Indian laws?
Ans. The meanings of the words ‘confidentiality’ and ‘privacy’ are somewhat synonymous. Confidentiality invokes the
equitable principle of confidence. Here ‘privacy’ is all about the reflection of what data is important and why.
B. Long answer type questions:
1. Explain principles on ethics that one should follow while performing data analysis. [CBSE Handbook]
Ans. The principles on ethical guidelines around data analysis are:
a. Protect the customer: Privacy does not always mean confidentiality because private data may need to be audited
based on the pertinent criteria. However, the private data acquired from a person with their consent should never be
exposed for use by different businesses or individuals.
b. The private information that is shared should always be handled with confidentiality: Third party companies share
sensitive data, either financial, location related or medical. They should always impose limitations on when and how
that information may be shared.
c. Customers/Consumers/Members should always have a clear view of how their data is getting used or traded and
should have the authority to manage the flow of their confidential information across enormous, third party systems.
d. Data should never interfere with human will: This data should never be used to determine who a person is before
another person is able to make up their own mind in regard to said person. Data analytics can average out and at
times, even discover who we are even before we make up our mind.
2. Differentiate between disposition and destruction of data. Can records be disposed of at your will?
Ans. ● Disposition refers to the wide range of actions undertaken to manage records over time, which may include retention,
destruction, or transfer to archival storage. All disposition procedures must adhere to established regulations and
satisfy UN record-keeping obligations.
● Destruction is the act of disposing of records permanently by obliterating records so that the information in them can
no longer be physically or electronically reconstructed or recovered. Before taking any action, destruction choices
must be formally approved.
When you delete a file on an electronic device, you may not be able to see it any longer, but the information is still
stored on the device’s hard drive or memory chip. Data destruction entails overwriting the current data with random
data until the current data can no longer be retrieved, or actually destroying the electronic medium.
3. Do various Government and private institutions have rules of disposing of the data? Discuss at what level.
Ans. Most of the Government and private institutions have their own set of guidelines on how to get rid of data that is no
longer necessary to keep.
The Destruction of Records Act, 1917 (India): It is an Act to consolidate and amend the law providing for the destruction
or other disposal of certain documents in the custody or control of Courts and Revenue and other public officers.
The two methods are: Method of disposing digital data and method of disposing physical data.
Unsolved Exercise
Objective Type Questions (Section A)
A. Tick ( ) the correct option.
1. DGQI is ____________________.
a. Data Governance Quality Index b. Data Governance Qualified Index
c. Data Government Quality Index d. Data Government Quality Information
200 Touchpad Data Science-X

