Page 123 - Data Science class 11
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By treatment variable, we refer to the procedure variable. The treatment variable is generally an independent variable.
On the other hand, the response variable is a dependent variable. In statistics, an experiment is defined as a supervised
study, in which a researcher tries to understand the cause and effect relationship.
Based on the analysis, the researcher concludes that the treatment followed had a causal effect on the response
variable.
2.3.3 Let us Perform a trial assessment
One needs to perform a trial assessment to understand what is meant by the cause and effect relationship. To start,
let us take all the students of a grade in an academic year and split them into two halves. The first half is subjected
to the treatment of no practice exam. On the other hand, the second half is subjected to the treatment of practice
exams regularly. At the end of the academic year, both the groups' annual exam results are compared. (Illustration is
shown below)
First Group No practice Exam
Split the Students of a Compare exam
grade into 2 halves results
Second Group Practice exam at
regular intervals
2.3.4 Perception of time assessment
The perception of time assessment highlights a person's subjective experience of time duration within an
ongoing event. This perceived duration can alter significantly between different individuals in different circumstances.
It takes time for information from our eyes to reach our brain. This is because in brain the information is processed,
analysed and finally integrated into our memory.
This latency or temporal delay between the occurrence of a visual stimulus and its perception by the observer is
known as visual response latency.
Reaction or response time is the ability to detect, process and respond to a stimulus. It refers to the period of time
between the moment when we perceive something and the moment when we respond to it.
The fastest possible conscious human reactions are approximately 0.15 seconds, but most are approximately 0.2
seconds. A brain's reaction time peaks during the age of 24 and it gradually slows down thereafter, due to a gradual
loss of neurons, especially with more complicated tasks.
According to a review of the literature on the influence of gender on reaction time—in almost every age group, the
reaction time of males is much faster as compared to females and females cannot overcome this disadvantage despite
practice.
Research suggests that across a diversity of species, time perception is directly proportional to size. Usually, the
smaller an animal is, and the faster its metabolic rate, the slower time passes. The present evidence also suggests that
timing changes with age. As we grow older, it can usually feel like time goes by faster and faster.
Imagine a person taking a launch chamber ride in a water park. In this ride, riders enter the chambers in nearly vertical
positions. There is typically a countdown, after which a trap door opens on the chamber floor, to release the passenger.
The anticipation and almost 90-degree launch make these among the most thrilling water park rides. In this case, let us
consider that the average duration of the ride is around 5 seconds.
Suppose, we interview anyone, who has just completed the ride for the first time, and ask him/her that how long that
ride lasted. In that case, that person will estimate around 10–11 seconds, which is more than the ride's actual duration.
Assessing Data 121

