Page 177 - Data Science class 11
P. 177

End Tag
            Every element that has a start tag should end with an end-tag. So, for the start tag <address> above, the end tag will
            be:

            </address>
            Note, that the end tags include a solidus ("/") before the name of an element.

            Empty Tag
            The text that appears between start-tag and end-tag is called content. An element which has no content is termed as
            empty. An empty element can be represented in two ways as follows:
               • A start-tag immediately followed by an end-tag is as shown below:

                <hr></hr>
               • A complete empty-element tag is as shown below:

                <hr/>
            Empty-element tags may be used for any element which has no content.
            Rules for XML Tags
            In XML each tag is called a node. Each node can have one or more child nodes contained within it.

            Following are the rules that need to be followed to use XML tags:
            Rule 1
            XML tags are case-sensitive. Following line of code is an example of wrong syntax, because of the case difference in
            two tags, which is treated as erroneous syntax in XML.

                <address>This is wrong syntax</Address>
            Following code shows a correct way, where we use the same case to name the start and the end tag.

                <address>This is correct syntax</address>
            Rule 2
            XML tags must be closed in an appropriate order, i.e. an XML tag opened inside another element must be closed
            before the outer element is closed. For example:

            <outer_element>
                <internal_element>
                This tag is closed before the outer_element
                </internal_element>
            </outer_element>
            Example 1: Classroom (having two sections A and B) student rolls
            <?xml version = "1.0"?>
            <Class>
               <Name>First</Name>
               <Sections>
                  <Section>
                     <Name>Class 11-Section A</Name>
                     <Students>

                        <Student>Madhuri</Student>
                        <Student>Ishita</Student>
                        <Student>Vishishth</Student>
                        <Student>Arav</Student>

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