Page 120 - Data Science class 11
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• Negative correlation: It is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in opposite direction.
In other words, when one variable is inversely proportional to the other variable. An example of negative correlation
would be height above sea level and temperature. As you climb the mountain (increase in height) it gets colder
(decrease in temperature).
• Zero or no correlation: A correlation of zero means there is no relationship between two variables. In other words,
as one variable moves one way, the other moves in another unrelated or uncertain direction. For example, weight
of a person and number of movies watched by that person have zero or no correlation, since the two variables are
independent of each other.
Concept of Causation
Causation is the act or process of causing something to happen or exist. Causation is the relationship between an
event or situation and a possible reason or cause.
Meaning of Causation in Statistics
Causation indicates a relationship between two events where one event is affected by the other. In statistics, when
the value of one event, or variable, increases or decreases as a result of other events, it is said that there is causation.
Meaning of Causation in Legal Terms
Causation, in legal terms, refers to the relationship of cause and effect between one event or action and the result. It
is the act or process that produces an effect. In a personal injury case, one must establish causation—meaning that
it is not enough to show that the defendant was negligent. The negligence must be what caused the injuries of the
complainant.
The situation that best describes the concept of causation is when one event happens because of another. An example
of causation could be when a person plays a lot in a casino, and as a consequence loses all his/her money. Another
example is when a drunk person causes an accident as alcohol is a depressant that slows down the brain and also
affects the body’s responses. Driving a car is neither the cause nor the effect. Alcohol is the cause here, because it
affects drivers in such a way that it affects their senses, judgement, vigilance and self-control, and accident is the effect.
Causation is a step ahead of correlation. It says any change in the value of one variable will cause a change in the value
of another variable. It is also called cause and effect.
An example of Causation
Here is one example to explain causation:
Causal relationships: A causal generalisation, e.g., smoking causes lung cancer, is not about a particular smoker but
states that a special relationship exists between smoking and getting lung cancer.
Causation Causation
Correlation
Consumption of
Sale of fans ice-creams
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