Page 210 - Data Science class 11
P. 210

Exercise 6.2. Exponentiation and Text Matter
        Enter the following code snippet in the script panel:
        R deals with text or text message data in a slightly
        different way as compared to numerical data.There
        are two rules here:
           • All text data  to be outputted should be under
          double quotes "….."  and  then  enclosed within
          circular parenthesis  (……..)  as shown above. Then
          you have to use a print  statement to output  the
          data exactly as you enclosed.
           • Observe here that in lines 3 and 4, we have given
          two print statements to output a text message. The
          valid print statement is print and not Print. The R
          language code is always case-sensitive.

        Console (Output) Panel

















        When a programmer uses the print statement as Print, the console displays the error statement. When print statement
        is issued, it shows the message correctly.
        Let us now look at one more arithmetic statement.


             # Modulo: returns the remainder of the division of 8/3
             8 %% 3
        R Script File

        Usually, you will do your programming by writing your programs in script files and then executing those scripts at
        your command prompt with the help of an R interpreter called Rscript.


        6.3.2 Basic arithmetic Functions
        Functions: The functions which are already created or defined in the programming framework are known as built-in
        functions. R has a rich set of functions that can be used to perform almost every task for the user.
        a.  Logarithms and Exponentials:
            log (x) # logarithms base 2 of x
              2
            log (x) # logaritms base 10 of x
              10
            exp(x) # Exponential of x
        b.  Trigonometric functions:
            cos(x) # Cosine of x

            sin(x) # Sine of x


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