Page 201 - Data Science class 11
P. 201
To do simple calculations, add numbers together:
Example
5 + 758
Enter the following code snippet in the script pane, then select it and press Run from the pane:
5
10.33
758
"Hello India!"
5 + 758
After running the code snippet, see the console panel, which may look like below:
6.1.1 output in r language
Simply enter the variable name or expression at the command prompt, R will print its value. Use the print function for
generic printing of any object. Use the cat function for producing custom formatted output.
The simple printing method in R is to use print(). As its name indicates, this method prints its arguments on the R
console. However, cat() does the same thing but is valid only for Atomic types (Definition-Primitive or basic data types
are known as atomic types) and names. Use the R-commands cat() or print() to display (or print) a text. Note that in
each case, the text is considered by R as a script, so it should be in quotes.
cat is useful for producing output in user-defined functions. It converts its arguments to character vectors, concatenates
them to a single character vector,
6.2 Basic Data tyPes
Basic data types in R can be divided into the following types:
• numeric—(12.5, 345, 787)
• integer—(1L, 55L, 100L, where the letter "L" declares this as an integer)
• complex—(8 + 3i, where "i" is the imaginary part). Complex numbers are used in vector calculus.
• character (a.k.a. string)—("k", "R is marvelous", "FALSE", "11.5")
• logical (a.k.a. boolean)—(TRUE or FALSE)
Programming with R 199

