Page 130 - Data Science class 11
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Standard Questions (Section B)


        A.  Short answer type questions:

            1.    What is the difference between story and facts?
          Ans.   Facts are something that actually exist in reality and always represent the truth whereas stories are a narrative; either
              true or fictitious about things, ideas, beliefs, objects, products or services.

            2.  What do you mean by correlation?
          Ans.  Correlation is a relationship or connection between two variables where whenever one changes, the other is also likely to
              change. Correlation is used to describe the linear relationship between two continuous variables (e.g., height and weight).
            3.  Children are playing cricket in a ground and one of them broke a glass window. What is the cause here (a) The child or
              (b) the ball.
          Ans.  The child caused the window to break. This is according to the concept of agent causation.
            4.  For what purpose, a trial assessment may be necessary?
          Ans.  A trial assessment is a set of steps executed to support, reject or confirm an assumption. The idea behind performing
              the trial assessment is to test something.
            5.  A drunk person does not look at the road while driving a car and hence causes an accident. Explain the real/root cause
              and effect here.
          Ans.  The drunk person causes the accident because alcohol is a depressant that slows down the brain and also affects the
              body’s responses. Driving a car is neither the cause nor the effect. Alcohol is the cause here, because it affects drivers
              in such a way that it affects their senses, judgement, vigilance and self-control, and accident is the effect.
            6.  Differentiate between treatment variable and response variable.
          Ans.  By treatment variable, we refer to the procedure variable. The treatment variable is generally an independent variable.
              On the other hand, the response variable is a dependent variable.

        B.  Long answer type questions:
            1.  What is the difference between positive and negative correlation?                 [CBSE Handbook]
          Ans.  Following are the differences between positive and negative correlation:
                •  Positive correlation: It is a  relationship between  two  variables  in which  both  variables  move along  the  same
                 direction. In other words, when one variable is directly proportional to the other variable. An example of positive
                 correlation would be height and weight because taller people usually have more weight.
              •  Negative correlation: It is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in opposite direction.
                 In other words, when one variable is inversely proportional to the other variable. An example of negative correlation
                 would be height above sea level and temperature. As you climb the mountain (increase in height) it gets colder
                 (decrease in temperature).
            2.  What is the need of storytelling in different organisations?

          Ans.  In business, companies that can tell their story effectively have a better chance at success.  Because a well-told success
              story can make the difference between a sale and a wasted call. The more customer stories there are, the easier it is for
              a prospect to be convinced.
            3.  What is the meaning of causation in statistics, and how is it different in case of legal proceeding?
          Ans.  Causation indicates a relationship between two events, where one event is affected by the other. In statistics, when the
              value of one event, or variable, increases or decreases as a result of other events, it is said that there is causation.
                Causation, in legal terms, refers to the relationship of cause and effect between one event or action, and the result. It
              is the act or process that produces an effect. In a personal injury case, one must establish causation—meaning that
              it is not enough to show that the defendant was negligent. The negligence must be what caused the injuries of the
              complainant.

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