Page 131 - Data Science class 11
P. 131

4.  In each of the three cases given below, determine what is the cause and what is the effect:
                  a.   A tornado blew the roof off the house, and as a result, the family had to find another place to live.
                  b.  Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work.
                  c.  Politician made a rude comment about ladies going out, so public of the area assembled and hit him.

              Ans.  a.  Cause: Tornado
                     Effect: The family had to find another place to live
                  b.  Cause: Alarm was not set
                     Effect: Late for work
                  c.  Cause: A rude comment was made by the politician
                     Effect: Public of the area assembled and hit the politician
               5.  What are the three rules that causal statements must follow?

              Ans.  Causal statements must follow three rules:
                  •  Visibly show the cause and effect relationship.
                  •  Use specific and correct descriptions of what occurred instead of negative and unclear words.
                  •  Identify the preceding system cause of the error rather than the human error.
               6.  What do you understand by narrative hook? What is its importance?
              Ans.  A narrative hook is a literary approach in the opening of the story that grasps reader's curiosity and develops their
                  interest in reading. It is the opening sentence in the book that forms the basis of the story ahead. It is imperative to
                  establish a narrative hook for building a good story.
               7.  Explain the two types of causation.
              Ans.  There are two types of causation: cause-in-fact, and proximate cause.
                  •   Cause-in-fact: It is also known as actual cause. For example, when a bus strikes a car, the bus driver’s actions are the
                    actual cause of the accident.
                  •   Proximate cause: It also means 'legal cause'. It is therefore recognised by the law as the primary cause of the
                    injury. It may not be the first event that set in motion a sequence of events that caused the injury. It may also not
                    be the very last event before the injury occurred. It is rather an action that produced anticipated repercussions
                    without interference from anyone else. In this case, the plaintiff will have to show that the injuries were the direct
                    repercussion of the proximate cause, without which the injuries would not have occurred.


                                                     Unsolved Exercise



                 Objective Type Questions (Section A)


            A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
               1.  If income and happiness are positively correlated, then a person with a low income would be predicted to be:
                  a.  not happy at all
                  b.  less happier than a person with a high income

                  c.  more happier than a person with a high income
                  d.  cannot make a prediction from correlational data

               2.  What is the nature of the correlation of two variables when they move in the same direction?   [CBSE Handbook]
                  a.  Neutral                                        b.  Negative
                  c.  Positive                                       d.  None of these


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