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• Negative correlation: It is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move in opposite direction.
          In other words, when one variable is inversely proportional to the other variable. An example of negative correlation
          would be height above sea level and temperature. As you climb the mountain (increase in height) it gets colder
          (decrease in temperature).
           • Zero or no correlation: A correlation of zero means there is no relationship between two variables. In other words,
          as one variable moves one way, the other moves in another unrelated or uncertain direction. For example, weight
          of a person and number of movies watched by that person have zero or no correlation, since the two variables are
          independent of each other.
        Concept of Causation
        Causation is the act or process of causing something to happen or exist. Causation is the relationship between an
        event or situation and a possible reason or cause.

        Meaning of Causation in Statistics
        Causation indicates a relationship between two events where one event is affected by the other. In statistics, when
        the value of one event, or variable, increases or decreases as a result of other events, it is said that there is causation.

        Meaning of Causation in Legal Terms
        Causation, in legal terms, refers to the relationship of cause and effect between one event or action and the result. It
        is the act or process that produces an effect. In a personal injury case, one must establish causation—meaning that
        it is not enough to show that the defendant was negligent. The negligence must be what caused the injuries of the
        complainant.
        The situation that best describes the concept of causation is when one event happens because of another. An example
        of causation could be when a person plays a lot in a casino, and as a consequence loses all his/her money. Another
        example is when a drunk person causes an accident as alcohol is a depressant that slows down the brain and also
        affects the body’s responses. Driving a car is neither the cause nor the effect. Alcohol is the cause here, because it
        affects drivers in such a way that it affects their senses, judgement, vigilance and self-control, and accident is the effect.

        Causation is a step ahead of correlation. It says any change in the value of one variable will cause a change in the value
        of another variable. It is also called cause and effect.

        An example of Causation
        Here is one example to explain causation:

        Causal relationships: A causal generalisation, e.g., smoking causes lung cancer, is not about a particular smoker but
        states that a special relationship exists between smoking and getting lung cancer.








                                        Causation                         Causation










                                                           Correlation

                                                                               Consumption of
                                 Sale of fans                                    ice-creams


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