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Input and Output in Python
Python provides two commonly used functions input( ) and print( ) for input and output.
The input( ) Function
The input( ) function is used to take input from the user during the execution of a program.
The general syntax of the input( ) function is as follows:
input([<prompt>])
Here, prompt is the string or message we wish to display on the screen. Example:
name = input("Enter your name: ")
>>> Enter your name: "John"
By default, Python considers the input as string even if you entered a number as input. You cannot
perform calculations on string. To perform calculations, you need to convert the string into integer
or floating-point value. To do so, Python provides following functions:
int(): It is used to change the input data value into integer. For example,
a = int(input("Enter a number "))
Now, the valid value entered is converted into integer value.
float(): It is used to change the input value into floating-point value. For example,
a = float(input("Enter a number "))
Now, the valid value entered is converted into floating-point value.
The print( ) Function
The print( ) function prints or sends the output to the standard output device, which is usually a
monitor. This function auto converts the items to strings, i.e., if you try printing a numeric value,
the print( ) function will automatically convert it into equivalent string and print it. The print( )
function also introduces spaces between items automatically.
Unlike Java and C++, Python does not use brackets to delimit code; but indentation
is mandatory with Python.
The general syntax of the print( ) function is as follows:
print ([<expression 1> , <expression 2>...])
For example:
print ("Python is easy")
Let's create a program to use the input( ) and print( ) functions.
Imagine, comments in Python are secret messages from a wise mentor. What advice or
tips would you leave in your code for future programmers to discover?
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