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1 Fundamentals of a Computer
Your Aim
to learn about:
Data and Information Characteristics of a Computer
Limitations of a Computer Working of a Computer
Input Devices Processing Device
Output Devices Motherboard
Computer Memory
Measuring the Computer’s Memory
A computer is an electronic device which accepts data given by the user, i.e., input.
It then processes the data according to the given instructions and finally produces
the result as output.
DATA AND INFORMATION
Data is any collection of numbers, characters or other symbols that has been
coded into a format that can be input into a computer and processed. Data on its
own has no meaning. In other words, data can be defined as a representation of
facts, concepts, or instructions collected for analysis. It is only after processing by
a computer that data becomes information.
The main types of data that can be input into a computer are numeric, text, date,
graphics and sound. Data is stored as a series of numbers inside the computer.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
Speed: Computer can process millions of instructions in seconds. Same
calculation that would have taken hours and day to complete can be completed
in a few seconds using the computer. The speed of computer is calculated in
terms of MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second).
Accuracy: A computer provides a high degree of accuracy. Every calculation
is performed with the same accuracy.
Diligence: Computer can work for hours without any break or boredom. It
does not get tired.
Fundamentals of a Computer 7

