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Both opening and closing tags are the same. The only difference is that the closing tag contains
a forward slash before the tag name. Most of the tags in HTML have opening and closing tags.
A combination of opening tag, content, and closing tag is called an element.
The HTML tags can be categorised as:
Container Tags: The tags that have both opening and closing tags are called Container Tags.
For example: <B> ...... </B>
<HEAD> ...... </HEAD>
Empty Tags: Empty tags contain only opening tag. They do not have a closing tag. These tags
do not enclose any data.
For example: <BR>, <HR>, etc.
HTML tags can also be further classified as:
Block Level Tags: The block level tags take up the full width available and by default begin
on a new line. Some of the block level tags are Paragraph <P>, headings <H1> to <H6>,
Horizontal Rule <HR>, etc.
Text Level Tags: The text level tags are used to mark up parts of the text. These tags do not
start with a new line. Some of the text level tags are Bold <B>, Superscript <SUP>, Italic <I>,
Subscript <SUB>, etc.
Nesting of Tags
Nesting of tags means that you can start a new tag before closing the previous tag. The only
point to remember is that tags are nested on LIFO principle, that is, Last In First Out. This means
that the tag that has been opened last needs to be closed first. For example: <body> <h1>
Happy Coding ! </h1> </body>
Attribute
An attribute is a property that provides some additional information about a tag. It enhances
the functionality of a tag. It is always specified inside the opening tag. All attributes consist of
two parts—a name and a value.
The ‘name’ is the property that you want to set.
The ‘value’ is what you want for the respective property.
For example: <body bgcolor="yellow">
The bgcolor attribute of the <body> tag is used to add a background colour to the body of the
web page. In this case, 'bgcolor' is the name of attribute and 'yellow' is the value of the property.
For example: <HR WIDTH="50%">
The WIDTH is the attribute of the <HR> tag which specifies the width of the horizontal line in
pixels or percentage. By default, the width is 100%. Here, 'WIDTH' is the name of attribute and
'50%' is the value of attribute.
Introduction to HTML5 and CSS3 61

