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A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s.


                                       Name      Size (bits)              Examples

                                     Bit              1       Single digit either 0 or 1

                                     Nibble           4       Group of 4 digits either 0 or 1

                                     Byte             8       Group of 8 digits either 0 or 1

                                     Word            16       Group of 16 digits either 0 or 1

                 Example of Binary Number: 110100

                 There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!
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                   If the last digit of a binary number is 1, the number is odd; if it is 0, the number is even.

                 For Example: 1101 represents an odd number (13); 10010 represents an even number (18)

                 Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.
                 As the binary number system consists of two digits 0s and 1s hence, its base is 2. Each digit or bit
                 in binary number system can be 0 or 1. A combination of binary digits may be used to represent

                 different quantities like 1001. The positional value of each digit in binary number is twice the
                 place value or face value of the digit of its right side. The weight of each position is a power of 2.

                 The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:

                           Position       3         2         1          0                  –1         –2
                                                                                   •
                           Weights        2 3       2 2       2 1       2 0                 2 –1      2 –2


                 Octal Number System

                 The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal number

                 system is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8. Any digit in this
                 system is always less than 8. Octal number system is used as a shorthand representation of long
                 binary numbers. The number (841)  is not valid in this number system as 8 is not a valid digit.
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                 Hexadecimal Number System

                 The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to F
                 represent decimal numbers from 10 to 15. The base of this number system is 16. Each digit

                 position in hexadecimal number system represents a power of 16. The number (764)  is valid
                                                                                                           16
                 hexadecimal number. It is different from (764)  which is seven hundred and sixty four. This
                                                                   10
                 number system provides shortcut method to represent long binary numbers.




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