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11                               AI and Robotics
















                           Your Aim

                           to learn about:
                               l    What is Artificial Intelligence?   l    What can Artificial Intelligence do Today?
                                l    Implementing Artificial Intelligence     l    Philosophers Views on Artificial Intelligence
                                l    Robots and Robotics                 l    Uses of Robotics
                                 l    Some Popular Robots around the World  l    Androids
                                  l    Humanoid                          l    Mechatronics


                 Artificial Intelligence is relatively new field in science & engineering. The gestation of Artificial
                 Intelligence started in 1950. Alan Turing in his article “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” in
                 1950 introduced the Turing Test, machine learning, genetic algorithms and reinforcement learning.

                     WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

                 The English Oxford Living Dictionary gives the definition of AI as “The theory and development
                 of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual
                 perception, speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages”.

                 In other words, Artificial Intelligence is an area
                 where  computer  science  and  engineering                               Neural
                                                                                         Networks
                 emphasise  on  creation  of  intelligent  systems         Cognitive                 Planning
                                                                            Systems
                 that can work and react like humans.

                 A  lot  of  research  has  been  carried  on  since                   Artificial
                                                                      Knowledge                            Robotics
                 then.  Artificial  Intelligence  researchers  took                  Intelligence
                 ideas, view points and techniques from various
                                                                                                     Machine
                 fields like philosophy, mathematics, economics,           Perception    Natural     Learning
                 neuroscience,       psychology,        computer                        Language
                                                                                       Processing
                 engineering,  cognitive  science,  linguistics,
                 operation research, control theory probability                    Artificial Intelligence

                 and logic etc.

                     WHAT CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DO TODAY?

                 Artificial Intelligence has advanced very rapidly in the past decade because of greater use of
                 science, engineering and mathematics in experimenting and comparing approaches. Artificial


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