Page 129 - KEC Khaitan C6 Flipbook
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They are used in appliances, robots, medical devices, cars, and industrial machines. Many have
timers, ADCs, and communication ports (I2C, SPI, UART) for connecting with other devices.
Examples include Micro:BIT Arduino (ATmega328) and Raspberry Pi, programmed in C, C++, or
Python. Microcontrollers are found in smartwatches, home automation, and AI devices, making
technology smarter and more efficient in daily life.
Let us understand this with an example of a line following robot:
A line-following robot is an autonomous robot that uses sensors to detect and follow a line on the
ground, usually a black or white strip on a surface. It is commonly used in automation, industrial
transport systems, and robotics competitions.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
It uses various parts to work which are as follows:
∑ Microcontroller (Brain): The robot is controlled by a microcontroller like an Arduino
(ATmega328) or Raspberry Pi Pico.
∑ Sensors: The robot has infrared (IR) sensors that detect the line. These sensors send signals to
the microcontroller.
∑ Motors & Wheels: Based on the sensor input, the microcontroller controls the motor drivers,
which move the wheels to keep the robot on track.
∑ Power Source: It runs on a battery pack that powers the motors and microcontroller.
Exploring Microcontrollers 127

