Page 17 - KEC Khaitan C8.1 Flipbook
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STAR TOPOLOGY
                                       In this topology, the central node acts as a hub to which all the other nodes

                                       are connected. Compared to the bus topology, star topology requires more
                                       devices and cables. The addition of a new node to a star topology is easy as
                                       it involves a connection all the way to the central node.


                 RING TOPOLOGY
                 In this topology, all the nodes are connected in a circular path. The messages
                 travel in the clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Any damage to the cable
                 of any node or device can result in the breakdown of the whole network.


                                                TREE TOPOLOGY

                                                In this topology, nodes are connected as branches of a tree where
                                                the hub acts as a root node. It is scalable as it is easier to add new or
                                                remove the faulty nodes. However, its major disadvantage is that
                                                if the root node fails to operate, the entire network is inoperable.


                 MESH TOPOLOGY
                 In this topology, every single node in a network is connected to all the
                 other nodes or computers in the network. There are minimal chances of

                 network failure in this topology due to redundant connections.



                           NETWORKING TRANSMISSION MEDIA

                 Various components are interconnected with each other through some medium in a computer
                 network. The medium that enables you to transfer data from one computer to another is
                 known as a transmission medium. The cables that connect two or more workstations are the

                 communication channels. Computers in a small network can be connected by cables (mostly
                 copper conductors in twisted pairs or coaxial cables). Nowadays, optical fiber cables are also
                 used for networking due to their higher speed and capacity.
                 We can group communication  media  into  two categories:  Guided transmission  media  and
                 Unguided transmission media. The guided media includes cables and unguided media includes

                 waves.

                 GUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA
                 Guided transmission media refers to communication channels that are confined to a specific
                 path or medium. Different types of guided transmission media are as follows:

                    Twisted Pair Cable: It consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together. It is used to
                   make phone calls and to connect your computer or tablet to the internet.






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