Page 98 - KEC Khaitan C8.2 Flipbook
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CONTROLLING OUTPUTS                                                                    CHAPTER


                  & MANAGING TIMING                                                                     B2

















                     Learning Outcomes                                                                            95%


                     The student will be able to:
                        Explain how digital outputs function and why timing is crucial in automated systems.
                        Construct multi-LED circuits and manage their output using individual pins.
                        Design a basic Traffic Light Simulation that mimics real-world signal logic.




                  This lesson builds on your foundation from lesson 1, taking a closer look at controlling electronic
                  outputs (like LEDs) using Arduino pins. You will also learn the importance of timing for creating
                  predictable sequences—a core concept in many automated systems, from traffic lights to alarm
                  buzzers. By the end, you’ll put everything into practice by building your own mini traffic light.




                            DIGITAL OUTPUTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE


                  UNDERSTANDING DIGITAL SIGNALS

                     Definition: A digital output pin can be in one of two states: HIGH (ON) or LOW (OFF).

                     Voltage Levels:
                   ○  Arduino Uno uses 5V for HIGH and 0V for LOW.

                     Applications:

                   ○  Powering indicators like LEDs or enabling signals to other electronic modules.


                  WHY OUTPUTS & TIMING MATTER
                  In robotics and automation, you often need to turn devices ON or OFF at specific moments:

                     LEDs in decorative displays.

                     Buzzers for alarms or signals.
                     Traffic Lights that cycle between red, yellow, and green.





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