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    ∑   A small programmable kit like Micro:bit or Arduino.

                           ∑   A simulation in software.
                           ∑   A basic sensor setup connected to a motor.

                           The prototype does not need to be perfect. It is created to test how the robot might function.
                        Example: A simple conveyor system with colour sensors might be built to test how the robot
                        sorts different materials based on colour.

                           The goal is quick experimentation, allowing for testing and learning through trial and error.

                      5. Test
                           In this stage, the prototype is tested in real or simulated conditions to evaluate its performance.
                        The following aspects are checked:

                           ∑   Does the robot detect correctly?

                           ∑   Is the movement accurate?
                           ∑   Does it complete the task efficiently?

                           ∑   Is it safe to use?

                           During the testing phase, users provide feedback, which is crucial for refining the robot. If the
                        robot fails to meet expectations, improvements are made, and testing is done again. This is
                        where iteration comes in, the process is repeated as many times as needed to improve the
                        design and meet the user’s needs.

                           Testing ensures that the final robot truly works as intended and solves the problem it was
                        designed for, while iteration and feedback help refine it step by step.

                      BENEFITS OF DESIGN THINKING IN ROBOTICS
                      Design Thinking brings several advantages to robotics development such as:

                         ∑  It encourages innovation by pushing students  and engineers to think creatively  beyond
                          traditional mechanical designs.

                         ∑  It ensures user-centric robotics, where machines are designed for real people and environments
                          rather than just technical demonstration.
                         ∑  It improves structured problem-solving, helping teams break complex robotic systems into

                          manageable parts such as sensing, processing and actuation.
                         ∑  It promotes  collaboration  between  mechanical  designers,  programmers  and electronics
                          engineers.

                         ∑  By testing early prototypes, risks are reduced and costly errors are avoided.

                         ∑  Development  becomes  more efficient  because  unnecessary  features  are removed.  Most
                          importantly, it increases user satisfaction because the robot is built around real needs.

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