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    Personal  Area  Network (PAN): A PAN is a small network
                       that  connects  devices  in  close  proximity  to  an individual,
                       typically  within a range of a few meters.  PANs use  wireless
                       technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi to connect devices
                       like  smartphones, laptops, tablets  and wearable  devices
                       (like  smartwatches).  PANs are generally used  for personal
                       purposes and allow easy data transfer between devices, such
                       as syncing files or connecting wireless headphones to a phone.

                                        Advantages                                    Disadvantages
                        Low setup cost                                  Very limited range (few metres)
                        Easy to manage                                  Low speed and performance
                        Convenient for short-range communication  Risk of interference from other devices
                        (e.g., Bluetooth)

                       Campus Area Network (CAN): CAN (also known as Cluster Area Network) connects multiple
                       buildings or facilities within a specific area, such as a university campus, corporate office campus
                       or industrial  complex.  It provides  high-speed  connectivity for  inter-building communication
                       and resource sharing.

                                                                        H
                                                                        O
                                                                         S          Rivers have multiple streams to stay
                                                                         T
                                                                         E         connected, just like computer networks
                                                                         L
                                                                                  use multiple connections to ensure they
                                                                                       keep working even if one fails.
                             Laboratory
                                                                 Hostel
                                                INTERNET

                                                                     Library
                             University
                                         Advantages                                     Disadvantages

                        High-speed connections across campus             Limited to one campus only
                        buildings
                        Cost-effective for an organisation               Setup cost can be high initially
                        Easier to manage internally                      Requires  technical  staff to  manage  and
                                                                         secure

                          Tick ( ) if you know this.
                          ▶  A Network Interface Card is attached to a computer to enable communication over a network.
                          ▶   Network protocol defines how data is transmitted and received between devices connected to
                            a network.

                                                                                                  Networks Around Us  13

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