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    Transmission medium: This is the channel or bridge through which the message travels from
                       the sender to the receiver.

                       Protocol: This refers to a set of rules or guidelines that defines how data is transmitted and
                       received over a network.

                               NETWORK PROTOCOLS

                     A  network  protocol  is  a set  of rules that  are applicable  for a network  to  define  how data  is
                     transmitted and received between the devices connected to the network. Some commonly used
                     network protocols include:

                       Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): The protocol that is used to connect
                       devices on the Internet. It sends data in the form of packets and reassembles them at the
                       destination.

                       Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The protocol that ensures smooth transfer of web pages
                       between a server and browser.
                       Hypertext  Transfer  Protocol  Secure (HTTPS): A  secure  version  of HTTP that  encrypts  the

                       communication between browser and server.
                       File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A standard network protocol that is used to transfer files from one
                       computer (host) to another.

                       Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): An Internet standard used for sending emails.

                               TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

                     Computer networks can be categorised based on their size and architecture.

                     ON THE BASIS OF SIZE
                     There are various types of networks depending on the size and expanse

                     of the network:
                       Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN covers a small geographic area,
                       like  a home,  school  or office, mostly  within  a building  or campus.

                       Devices  in a LAN are usually  connected  using  Ethernet  cables
                       or Wi-Fi.
                                    Advantages                                      Disadvantages

                        High speed and low latency              Limited to a small area
                        Cheaper setup costs                     Risk of unauthorised access if not properly secured

                        Easy to share files and resources like  Network problems may affect all connected devices
                        printers

                                                                                                  Networks Around Us  11

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