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    ON THE BASIS OF ARCHITECTURE
                      Network architecture refers to the design and layout of a computer network. It outlines the
                      structure and organisation of various components, including hardware, software, protocols
                      and services, which work together to enable communication and resource sharing within
                      the network. There are two main types of network architectures: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network and
                      Client-Server Network.

                      Peer-to-Peer Network

                      A Peer-to-Peer network is a network in which all the computers or devices are linked together
                      with equal  privileges  and responsibilities  for processing
                      data.  A Peer-to-Peer  network has no dedicated  server.
                      Each device can act as both a client and a server.

                      Client/Server Network

                      In a Client/Server network, clients access resources from a central server. The server is responsible
                      for managing all the resources such as files, directories, printers, etc.

                                                         Client
                                                                                       Client

                                                                       Server
                                                         Client                     Client

                                NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

                      Network topology describes the physical or logical layout of the network, that is, how all the
                      components (such as computers, cables and switches) are interconnected. Common network
                      topologies include:

                         Bus topology: In this topology, all devices are
                        connected to a single central cable called the
                        bus. Data travels in both directions along the
                        bus, but only one device can send data at a
                        time. It is less secure and not very robust - if
                        the main cable fails, the entire network stops
                        working. Bus topology  is  suitable  for small

                        networks that  need  low speed  and have a
                        limited budget because they are inexpensive
                        to set up.

                       14   Premium Edition-VIII

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