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Natural Languages (5GL)
The fifth-generation languages, also known as natural languages are the programming
languages that have visual tools to develop a program. Examples of fifth generation language
include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog. Natural language is very easy to use. Natural languages
are often associated with expert system and artificial intelligence.
Advantages of High-Level Languages
• High-level language is user friendly and easier to maintain.
• High-level language is similar to the English language with vocabulary of words and
symbols, therefore it is easier to run.
• High-level language requires less time to write a program.
• High-level language is problem oriented rather than ‘Machine Based’.
• High-level language is machine independent.
Disadvantages of High-Level Languages
• A high-level language has to be translated into the machine language by a translator and
thus it wastes a lot of the computer time.
• The object code generated by a translator might be inefficient as compared to an
equivalent assembly language program.
Language Translator
A language translator is a software that converts a high-level language program into a
machine language. There are three types of language translators.
Assembler
An assembler is a program used to translate assembly language into machine language so
that the computer can understand it. The assembler enables the computer to convert the
assembly language instructions into machine code, i.e., 0’s and 1’s.
Compiler
A compiler is a software that converts the entire source program into machine language
before executing it. It converts the entire high-level language program into machine language
at once. It displays the errors for the whole program together.
Interpreter
An interpreter is also a separate program that converts the entire source program into
machine language before executing it. It translates and executes one statement at a time.
It displays the errors one line at a time and it goes to the next line only after the error is
corrected.
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