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6 Formulas and
Functions
Let’s surf
Using Formulas to Perform Calculation Order of Operation
Different Ways to Enter Formulas Understanding Cell Range
Cell Referencing in Formulas and its Types Functions
Let’s PLug-in Critical Thinking
If in Maths, English, and Computer Science, you get 95, 85, and 90 marks, respectively, find out
your average marks and percentage of your exams.
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As you know that formulas are used to perform calculations in Mathematics. In the same way, Excel
2016 also allows you to perform calculations by using formulas. In this chapter, we will learn about
formulas and different ways for adding formulas in a worksheet. We will also learn about different
types of built-in functions in Excel.
USING FORMULAS TO PERFORM CALCULATION
Formulas in Excel 2016 begin with an equal to (=) sign. When the contents of a cell begin with equal to
sign, Excel 2016 understands that user has given a formula here. If you don’t enter the equal to sign,
Excel will treat your entry as text and the calculation will fail. To show how formulas work, we'll begin
with a simple exercise by selecting blank cell A1. Then type = 5 + 5, and press Enter key. As you press
the Enter key, Excel performs the calculation and produces the result as 10 in same cell A1. Enter some
more formula in other cells and see what results are shown by Excel.
1. =8 – 5 2. =8 * 5 3. =8/5 4. =8 ^ 5
Let’s SurfThe results will be 3, 40, 1.6 and 32768 respectively. Some formulas based on BEDMAS rule can be
entered as:
1. =(8 + 5) – (2 + 3) ^ 2 2. =(9/3) * (4 ^ 2) – 5
Formulas and Functions 79

