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To use the relative cell reference, perform the following steps:
Step 1: Select the cell that contains the formula in which the reference of other cells is used. In this
case, we have selected the cell D3 which contains the formula =B3*C3 to calculate the
amount to be paid for the product.
Step 2: Click on the Copy command form the Clipboard group under the Home tab.
Step 3: Select another cell in which you want to copy the formula and click on the Paste command from
the Clipboard group under the Home tab. Notice, in the Formula bar that the cell address that
you have used in the formula gets changed accordingly. For example, if you paste the formula in
cell D4, the formula will become =B4*C4
Using relative referencing
Absolute References
If you wish to maintain the original references as they were, then you should make use of the absolute
references. If you want to make the formula retain the original reference when it is copied, then you should
precede the column reference and the row reference by a Dollar ($) symbol.
For example, if you want to give a discount of 10% on each product then the discount will remain same
for all the products. To calculate the amount to be paid, you should add the Dollar ($) sign with the
cell that contains the discount percentage. In this case, the discount percentage is given in the cell D3.
Hence, the formula will be =((B3*C3)-((B3*C3)*($D$3))).
Using absolute referencing
When you copy the formula to the next cell, address of the cell D3 will remain same as shown. For
example, if you paste the formula in cell D4, the formula will be =((B4*C4)-((B4*C4)*($D$3))).
Mixed References
A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is basically a combination
of relative and absolute references. In some situations, you may need to make the cell reference as
‘Mixed’ reference, so that you can lock either a column or a row by preceding it with a Dollar ($)
symbol.
For example, $A1 or A$1.
Formulas and Functions 83

