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1                                  Evolution of




                                                              Computers










                     Let’s surf
                        Early Counting Tools                            Abacus—First Calculating Device
                         Pascaline Adding Machine                       Leibniz Step Reckoner
                         Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine            Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs
                         Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine          Computer Generations




                  Let’s PLug-in                                                             Century   #Information Literacy
                                                                                              21 st
                                                                                             Skills
                    Write down the names of the things used for counting in these pictures.













                                       1.  ___________________         2.  _________________   3.  _________________
                    When you count on your fingers, you can count to a limit only after which you will be tired to
                    count more. But do you know how early people used to count when there were no computer

                    or calculator?




                 We have learnt about computer and its parts in previous classes. You know about the devices
                 which are used along with a computer to work properly. But have you ever thought how it was
                 invented and which was the first ever computer that came into existence? Let us read about
                 these devices in this chapter.


                        EARLY COUNTING TOOLS


                 Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied knots in a rope
                 and carved marks on clay to keep the records. They also used to count with the help of fingers,
                 toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.



                                                                                            Evolution of Computers  7
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