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FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS
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                           Your Aim

                           to learn about:

                                   Using Formulas to Perform Calculation       Order of Operation
                                    Different Ways to Enter Formulas             Understanding Cell Range
                                    Cell Referencing in Formulas and its Types          Functions


                 As you know that formulas are used to perform calculations in Mathematics. In the same way,
                 Excel 2016 also allows you to perform calculations by using formulas. In this chapter, we will
                 learn  about formulas and different ways for adding formulas in a worksheet. We will also learn
                 about different types of built-in functions in Excel.

                    USING FORMULAS TO PERFORM CALCULATION
                 Formulas in Excel 2016 begin with an equal to (=) sign. When the contents of a cell begin with
                 equal to sign, Excel 2016 understands that user has given a formula here. If you don’t enter the
                 equal to sign, Excel will treat your entry as text and the calculation will fail. To show how formulas
                 work, we'll begin with a simple exercise by selecting blank cell A1. Then type = 5 + 5, and press
                 Enter key. As you press the Enter key, Excel performs the calculation and produces the result as 10
                 in same cell A1. Enter some more formula in other cells and see what results are shown by Excel.
                     1.  =8 – 5               2.  =8 * 5                 3.  =8/5                 4.  =8 ^ 5
                   The results will be 3, 40, 1.6 and 32768 respectively. Some formulas based on BEDMAS rule can
                 be entered as:
                     1.  =(8 + 5) – (2 + 3) ^ 2                          2.  =(9/3) * (4 ^ 2) – 5
                 Clickipedia


                   Excel 2016 follows BEDMAS rule for doing mathematical calculations, where B stands for Brackets,
                   E for Exponentiation, D for Division, M for Multiplication, A for Addition and S for Subtraction.


                 You can also use cell addresses to perform calculation in the following way:



                 Notice that when the cell C1 is selected, Formula bar shows the formula you just typed. You can
                 also calculate the sum of adjacent cells by pressing the Alt+= keys together after selecting the
                 cells.


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