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To see how this works:
Enter 10 in cell A1.
Now select cell A2 and type =A1*2, and press Enter key.
The value in cell A2 is 20. If you change the value in cell A1 from 10 to any value, the value in cell A2
will also change.
Cell references are especially helpful when you create complex formulas. There are three types of cell
references used in Excel: relative, absolute and mixed.
Relative References
In relative reference, you actually refer to cell that is above or below and left or right to a number
of rows or columns. When a formula that possesses a relative reference is copied from one cell to
another cell, the value in the copied cell also changes. To use the relative cell reference, perform the
following steps:
Step 1: Select the cell that contains the formula in which the reference of other cells is used. In this
case, we have selected the cell D3 which contains the =B3*C3 formula to calculate the amount
to be paid for the product.
Step 2: Click on the Copy command from the Clipboard group under the Home tab.
Step 3: Select another cell in which you want to copy the formula and click on the Paste command
from the Clipboard group under the Home tab. Notice, in the Formula bar that the cell address
that you have used in the formula gets changed accordingly.
Using relative referencing
Absolute References
If you wish to maintain the original references as they were, then you should make use of the absolute
references. If you want to make the formula retain the original reference when it is copied, then you
should precede the column reference and the row reference by a Dollar ($) symbol.
Formulas and Functions in Excel 2016 39

