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Rootkit
Rootkit is a malware that gains administrator access to the host system. Once the attacker gains
access to the system, the rootkit gets hidden but retains special access to the system. The detection of
rootkit is difficult as having special access to the system, it bypasses the tracking software.
Backdoor
Backdoor is a type of malicious software which enters into the computer through bundled with other
software or files. It is used to gain remote access to the host computer.
Tech Fact
Most of the malware programs are distributed over the Internet, often bundled with
other software.
The best way to guard against malware is to install antivirus software.
ANTIVIRUS
An antivirus program is a software which can detect the presence of a virus on a computer and
remove the virus. Eradicating a virus is the term used for cleaning a computer.
There are several methods of eradication:
Removing the code in the infected file which corresponds to a virus.
Removing the infected file.
Quarantining the infected file, which involves moving it to a location where it cannot be run.
Inform the user about the presence of the malware and the action that has been taken.
Separate all the infected files and applications so that the infection cannot spread further.
Some well-known antivirus programs are Norton, AVG, McAfee, Symantec, SmartDog, Kaspersky, etc.
Let’s PraCtiCe
Subject Enrichment
What are the threats to our data when we are online?
FIREWALL
The term ‘firewall’ originally referred to a wall intended to confine a fire or potential fire within a building.
In computer, a firewall is a software or hardware-based network security system that controls the
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on applied rule set. A firewall acts like a gatekeeper and
prevents unauthorised access to a computer network. It inspects every data packet that arrives at a
Computer Safety and Security 69

