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    Aryan: Then how does it work?

                                          Gowri:  There  are  several  types  of  firewall  techniques  that  will  prevent
                                      potentially harmful information from getting through:

                                      1.   Packet  Filter: It looks at each packet entering or leaving the network and
                     accepts or rejects it based on user-defined rules.

                     2. Application Gateway: It applies security mechanisms to specific applications, such as FTP and
                     Telnet servers. This is very effective, but can degrade performance.

                     3.  Circuit-level  Gateway:  It Applies  security  mechanisms  when  a  connection
                     is established (TCP or UDP). After the setup of connection, packets can flow
                     between the hosts without further checking.

                     4.  Proxy Server: It intercepts all messages entering and leaving the network,
                     and the server effectively hides the true network addresses.

                        Aryan: Thank you friend for such an elaborate discussion about firewall. Now I want to know
                     something about Cybercrime.

                     7.5 CYBERCRIME AND COMPUTER ETHICS

                        Gowri: Okay, first I will tell you what Cybercrime actually is:

                     Cybercrime is defined as the crime that is facilitated by the use of electronic gadgets such as
                     computer, smartphone etc. involving communication or information systems through internet.

                     In simple terms, we can also say that Cybercrime is a criminal activity that either targets or uses
                     a computer, a computer network or a networked device.
                     Cybercrime is carried out by individual or organisation(s). These types of crimes are committed
                     daily on the internet.

                                           Aryan: Oh…, What are different types of cybercrimes?

                                           Gowri: Let us discuss some common cybercrimes:
                                        1. Cyber Bullying: Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative,
                                        harmful, false, or mean content about someone else through social media, email,
                                        instant messaging, etc.

                     2. Identity theft: Criminals often steal other's identity information, such as credit card details,
                     addresses, email addresses, and more. Using this information, they can pretend to be someone else
                     and even create new bank accounts, etc.
                     3.  Ransomware:  Ransomware  enters  your  computer  network  and  encrypts  files,  meaning  you  no
                     longer have access to them. The attacker then sends a notification demanding a large sum of money
                     to restore your data.
                     4.  Email  Bombing:  An  email  bomb  is  another  form  of  internet  abuse.  Email  bombing  involves
                     overloading a single email address with a large volume of messages, which can cause the recipient’s
                     email server to slow down or even crash.

                                                                                 Computer Security                      73

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