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3. Decoration of Party Place
4. Snacks & Sweets Arrangement

What did you observe in the above activity?
Have you noticed that there is a definite order of activities, and if you plan them well, you

will enjoy your party without any nuisance or worry? In case of improper planning, the event
would not be successful.

In computer coding, whenever you want to write programs to solve real-life problems or
games, first of all, you need to plan your activity on paper. After developing a layout on
paper, you can proceed to develop programs.

To plan these programs, we use certain tools like flowcharts and algorithms, etc. Let’s take
a look at these tools in the upcoming section. These tools help us create a layout for the
solution to a problem before converting it into a computer-based program..

2.1.1 Algorithm & Flowchart

Algorithm: Algorithm is the process of writing all the steps required to solve a particular
problem. These steps are written in English language to describe each statement.

To develop an algorithm, the following steps are required:

1. Read the problem definition
2. Analyze the problem to identify input, output, and process

3. Develop an algorithm
4. Refine it by adding more details

5. Review the developed algorithm

Let’s understand what algorithms we use in our daily life.
Problem: To prepare a grilled sandwich

Input: Bread, mayonnaise, chopped vegetables, butter

Process:
1. Prepare the filling and add it to the bread

2. Spread butter
3. Put the sandwich into the griller

Output: Grilled sandwich
We can see in the above example, grilled sandwich making has a predefined order of

instructions to prepare it. It’s a simple algorithm. For more complex programs like launching
missiles or finding routes on a map, etc., we need to develop complex algorithms.

Flowchart: Flowchart is a pictorial representation of steps involved in the solution of a
problem. Flowchart is easier to understand as it depicts the solution graphically.

14 KVS DELHI REGION 2025