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#Fundamentals of

Programming Constructs

Chapter 8

#Chapter Profile
Basic Programming Constructs Programming Constructs in Scratch
What is Debugging?

Take Off Century #Critical Thinking
21 st
Skills
Name the block menu to which these blocks belong.

1. 2.

3. 4.

Programming constructs are the basic parts used to write programs. This chapter covers key constructs,
how they work in Scratch, and the process of debugging.

BASIC PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS

Programming constructs are the basic building blocks or fundamental concepts used to write computer
programs. They define how instructions are structured and executed in a program to solve problems or
to perform tasks. The three main programming constructs are: sequence, selection, and iteration.

Sequence Sequence
Sequence is the simplest programming construct. It means executing instructions
one after another in the exact order they are written. Each step runs only after
the previous one has finished.
In programming, sequence ensures that commands follow a clear, logical flow
from start to finish.

Selection Selection
Selection is a programming construct that allows the
program to make decisions based on certain conditions. It lets the program
choose between different paths or actions depending on whether a condition is
true or false.
This is usually done with if-else statements. Selection helps a program respond
differently to different situations by running specific code only when certain
conditions are met.