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Below are some of the key emerging networking concepts:
IoT (Internet of Things)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and
other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity. These devices collect and exchange
data over the Internet, enabling smart environments like homes, cities, and industries. IoT allows for
automation and remote control, improving convenience, safety, and efficiency in daily life and business
operations. Examples include smart thermostats, wearable health monitors, and connected cars.

Applications of IoT

Smart homes with automated lighting, heating, and security systems

Smart cities optimising traffic flow and waste management

Wearable health devices monitoring vital signs in real-time

Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are specialised computing systems designed to perform dedicated functions within
larger mechanical or electrical systems. They are embedded as part of a device, often with real-time
computing constraints. Examples include microcontrollers in washing machines, car engine control
units, medical devices, and industrial machines. Embedded systems play a critical role in enabling smart
devices and IoT applications by providing the necessary processing power and control.

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