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                         Abacus is also used in schools as an aid in teaching the numeral system.

                      Pascaline Adding Machine

                      In 1642, a mathematician, Blaise Pascal
                      invented the calculating machine called

                      Pascaline adding machine when he
                      was 19 years old. The numbers were fed
                      into the machine by dialling them on

                      the wheels. This device is believed to be                    Pascaline               Blaise Pascal
                      the first mechanical calculator in the
                      world. This machine was capable of performing only addition and subtraction.

                      Napier’s Bones

                      In  the  year  1617, a  Scottish mathematician  named  John

                      Napier  invented  a  simple calculating  device  known  as
                      Napier’s Bones. This device was made up of several rods and

                      each rod had numbers written on it. The rods were usually
                      made from materials like bone, ivory or metal. By arranging
                      these rods in different ways, people could easily perform

                      multiplication and division without doing long calculations.                     Napier’s Bones
                      Napier’s invention became very popular because it made mathematical work faster

                      and more accurate, especially for merchants, astronomers and students.
                      Leibniz Step Reckoner

                      In 1672, a mathematician,  Gottfried  Wilhelm
                      Leibniz expanded  Blaise Pascal’s ideas and
                      invented the digital mechanical calculator called

                      Step  Reckoner.  It  was  the  first  calculator  that
                                                                                              Leibniz Step Reckoner
                      could perform all four arithmetic operations i.e.,
                      addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

                      Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

                      In 1822, a mathematician,  Charles Babbage  developed  a

                      steam-driven calculating machine, that was the size of a room
                      which he called the Difference Engine.

                                                                                                         Charles Babbage

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