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    Binary to Decimal Number System

                     To convert a binary number to a decimal number, follow these steps:

                     Step 1  Multiply each digit of the binary number by the corresponding power of 2, starting from
                              the rightmost digit.

                     Step 2  The powers of 2 should start at 0 and increase by 1 as you move left.
                     Step 3  Simplify each product and add them together to get the decimal equivalent.

                     The given examples will help you understand the conversion.

                     Example 1:  Convert (11010)  to a decimal number.
                                                    2
                                                                       1
                                           4
                                                    3
                                                              2
                                   = 1 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 0 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 0 × 2  0
                                   = 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
                                   = 26
                     Therefore, (11010)  = (26)
                                        2       10
                     Example 2:  Convert (10111101)  to a decimal number.
                                                        2
                                                                                                   1
                                                                       4
                                                                                3
                                                              5
                                           7
                                                    6
                                                                                          2
                                   = 1 × 2  + 0 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2 + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 0 × 2  + 1 × 2     0
                                   = 128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
                                   = 189
                     Therefore, (10111101)  = (189)
                                            2        10
                     Octal to Decimal Number System
                     To convert an octal number to a decimal number, follow these steps:

                     Step 1  Multiply each digit of the given octal number by the corresponding power of 8, starting
                              from the rightmost digit.

                     Step 2  The powers of 8 should start at 0 and increase by 1 as you move from right to left.
                     Step 3  Simplify each product and add them together to get the decimal equivalent.

                     The given examples will help you understand the conversion.
                     Example 1:  Convert (175)  to a decimal number.
                                                 8
                                           2
                                                    1
                                   = 1 × 8  + 7 × 8  + 5 × 8  0
                                   = 1 × 64 + 7 × 8 + 5 × 1
                                   = 64 + 56 + 5
                                   = 125

                     Therefore, (175)  = (125)
                                     8         10
                     Example 2:  Convert (314)  to a decimal number.
                                                 8
                                                    1
                                           2
                                   = 3 × 8  + 1 × 8  + 4 × 8  0
                                   = 3 × 64 + 1 × 8 + 4 × 1

                                                                                                    Number System        13

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