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    Step 3  Press Enter key.

                     The concatenated result will appear in the selected cell.

                           ORDER OF OPERATION

                     When performing calculations using a formula, Calc follows certain rules of precedence:

                        Calc calculates expressions within parentheses ‘(‘ , ’)’ first.
                        Calc calculates exponent '^' before multiplication, division, addition and subtraction.
                        Calc calculates multiplication and division before addition and subtraction.

                        Calc calculates consecutive operators with the same level of precedence from left to right.
                     For example, the formula = 20 + 20 * 3 gives a result of 80 as Calc multiplies 20 by 3 and then

                     adds 20. However, the formula = (20 + 20) * 3 produces a result of 120.
                     This  is  because  Calc  calculates  the  expression  (20  +  20)  within  the  parentheses  first.  It  then
                     multiplies by 3. If you are unsure of the order in which Calc calculates, use parentheses even if
                     the parentheses aren’t necessary. Parentheses also make your formulas easier to understand.

                           CELL REFERENCE AND CELL RANGE

                     A formula may contain reference to contents of other cells. In such case, the result of the formula
                     depends on the values in the referenced cells. The contents of cell where referencing has been

                     used change automatically when the values in the referenced cells change. To see how this
                     works:
                        Enter 20 in cell A1                           Now select cell A2

                        and type =A1*3 and                            press ENTER key.

                     The value in cell A2 is 60. If you change the value in cell A1 from 20 to any value, the value in
                     cell A2 will also change. Cell references are especially helpful when you create complex formulas.
                     There are three types of cell references used in Calc.
                     Relative References

                     In relative reference, you actually refer to cell that is above or below or left or right to a number
                     of rows or columns. For example, if you refer to cell B3 from K3, you are actually referring to a
                     column that is nine columns to the left of cell R3 and in the same row (the third ‘3’ row).

                     When a formula that possesses a relative reference is copied from one cell to another cell, the
                     value in the copied cell also changes, i.e., if you copy a formula = D3 + E3 from F3 to the cell F4,
                     then formula in F4 adjusts in such a way that when the cell F3 is dragged downwards by one

                     row, the formula automatically changes to D4 + E4 and places the resulting value of D4 + E4 in
                     cell F4.

                                                                                     Formulas and Functions in Calc      31

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