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    11               Developing Programs in C++

                          Goal Glimpse

                              Fundamental of C++                             Operators
                              Selection Structures in C++                    Loop Structures

                      Before writing programs in C++, let us first understand its fundamental concepts. This chapter
                      introduces the basic concepts of C++, including the character set and tokens used in C++
                      programming.

                            FUNDAMENTAL OF C++

                      A character set refers to the letters, digits and special symbols that can be used to write programs
                      in the C++ language. These are:

                                   Characters                                        Uses

                          Letters                         A–Z or a–z
                          Digits                          0–9

                          Special symbols                 ~ ‘ ‘ ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) * - _ + = : \ ] { } ; " < > , ? | `
                      Tokens in C++

                      Tokens are the smallest individual units of a C++ program. They are classified into the following
                      categories:

                          Keywords                                 Data Types                        Variables
                          Constants                                Delimiters                        Operators
                      Let us explore each of these in detail.

                      Keywords

                      Keywords are special words in C++ that have a fixed meaning and cannot be used as variable
                      names.  They  help  the  computer  understand  what  actions  to  perform.  In  C++,  keywords  are
                      case-sensitive.

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