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    Receiver: A receiver is a device that receives data from another device on the network.
                        Transmission Medium: A transmission medium is a communication channel through which
                         information is transferred from one computer to another on a network.
                        Message: A message is the information or data that needs to be transferred from one device
                         to another.
                        Protocol: A protocol is set of standard rules used for communication.

                           DEVICES REQUIRED FOR A NETWORK
                     There are various types of devices and components required for a network, such as Network

                     Interface Card (NIC), Hub, Switch, Router, Modem and Network Cable. Let us discuss about these
                     in detail.
                     Network Interface Card (NIC)

                     It is an expansion card that enables a computer to access a network. It
                     allows the computer to connect to a network through a wired or wireless
                     medium.

                                                 Switch                                                        NIC

                                                 A switch is also used to connect various computers and make them
                              Switch             a single segment. It is an advanced hub as it sends information only
                     to the node which needs that information. A wire or network cable running from each NIC of
                     computer goes to the Hub or Switch to make a network connection.

                     Router

                     A router is a hardware device which is used to exchange data between
                     different computer networks instead of hubs/switches. It acts as a
                     traffic controller for the Internet.

                                  Modem                                                                   Router

                                  The word modem has been formed by combination of Modulator and Demodulator.
                                  A modem converts digital signals  (the information) of a computer into analog
                                  signals (telephone signals) and reconverts analog signals into digital. A computer
                                  system can be connected to the modem with the help of wires (cables) or without

                       Modem      using wires (wireless).

                     Networking Cable

                     Networking cable, also known as Ethernet cable is a transmission medium
                     that allows to transport information from one place to other place. There
                     are various types of networking cables such as coaxial cable, twisted pair
                     cable and optical fiber cable.                                                      Ethernet cable

                                                                                Introduction to Computer Network          9

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