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    COMPUTER LANGUAGES

                      Human needs a common language to communicate with each other. Similarly, computers need
                      a language  to  communicate  with its  user, take  instructions  and to  perform operations.  The
                      language that is required by a computer is called computer language. This is also known as a
                      programming language.

                      It is a set of words, symbols and codes that the computer can understand. There are a number of
                      programming languages worldwide. Computer languages are classified into two major categories:
                      Low-level language and High-level language.

                      LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
                      Low-level language  is a programming  language that deals with the computer’s  hardware

                      components.  It is machine-dependent.  A set  of low-level  language  instructions  written  for  a
                      particular type of computer will not work on a computer with a different design. These languages
                      are also known as computers’ native languages.
                      There are two categories of low-level languages:

                      Machine Language (1GL)
                      Machine language is the only language understood by the computer. It is also known as the first
                      generation language (1GL). Machine language is very difficult for programmers to use because

                      it only consists of two digits, 0 and 1, called binary digits or bits. Where the bit ‘0’ represents the
                      OFF state and the bit ‘1’ represents the ON state.

                      Assembly Language (2GL)
                      Assembly language is also known as second-generation language (2GL). It is the language in
                      which program codes are written in the form of alphanumeric symbols called 'Mnemonics Code'
                      instead of 0 and 1. In the assembly language, a programmer writes abbreviations such as A for
                      addition, C for compare, L for load, M for Multiply, etc.

                      HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
                      High-level language are designed to be more understandable and closer to human languages,
                      making them easier for programmers to use. It is machine-independent language. However, they
                      need to be translated into binary or machine language. Programs written in high-level languages

                      are called source code. Since the computer understands only 0s and 1s, all high-level languages
                      require a software  called  language  processor  or  translator to convert the instructions  into
                      machine language are also called object code. Let’s discuss about some high-level languages.

                      Third-Generation Languages (3GL)
                      In third-generation languages (3GL), the programmer writes a series of English-like words that
                      tell the computer what to do and how to accomplish it. Many third-generation languages also use

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