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    SYSTEM MAP TO SHOW RELATIONSHIPS

                     A system map is a visual tool that shows how different parts of a system are connected and affect
                     each other. It helps you understand cause-and-effect relationships and how changes in one part
                     can affect the whole system.

                     A system  map  is created  using the Loopy  website:  https://ncase.me/loopy/v1.1/.
                     This website allows designing interactive maps where elements (nodes) influence each
                     other through positive or negative feedback loops.

                     KEY COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM MAP
                     To understand how a system works, we need to explore its key components and how they are
                     connected.

                       Elements: Parts or variables in the system (e.g., CPU speed, software efficiency).
                       Relationships: How elements affect each other.
                       Positive (+): One element increases another (e.g., faster CPU   better software performance).

                       Negative (–): One element decreases another (e.g., more programs   less memory).
                       Feedback Loops: Outputs loop back as inputs.

                       Reinforcing Loop: Amplifies effects (e.g., more users   more data   better hardware).
                       Balancing  Loop: Stabilises  the system  (e.g., high CPU temperature           cooling  system
                       temperature lowers).

                     SOLVING PROBLEMS USING SYSTEM MAPS
                     Example: System Map for Online Account Safety

                     Problem: Weak passwords, reused logins and ignoring 2FA (two-factor authentication) lead to
                     many hacked accounts. Build a system map to understand and improve account safety.

                     Key elements: Password Strength, Use of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), Number of Accounts.
                     Security Awareness, Risk of Hacking and Personal Data Leaked.

                     Feedback Loops:
                                                                             Personal                             Risk of
                                                                              Data
                       Reinforcing Loop: Weak passwords          More        Leaked                               Hacking
                       hacks   Less trust in online systems

                       Balancing  Loop: Use of 2FA and strong
                                                                            No. of
                       passwords      Reduced hacking       Improved       Accounts
                       account security

                     Now, create a system map to understand how                                  Use 2FA
                     different safety practices influence the security
                     of online accounts.                                  Security
                                                                         Awareness                            Password
                                                                                                              Strength

                                                                                  Algorithms, Flowcharts and System Maps  69

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