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    DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

                     Data communication is the process of exchanging data between two devices.

                           Sender                                    Message                                Receiver

                                                              Transmission Medium
                                  Rule 1, Rule 2, ... Rule n                              Rule 1, Rule 2, ... Rule n

                                        Protocol                                                Protocol

                     There are five main components in a data communication system:
                       Message: This refers to data or a piece of information that is to be communicated.

                       Sender: This is a source  in a data  communication  system.  It is a device  that  sends a
                        data message.

                       Receiver: This is the destination of the final message sent by the source. It is a device that
                        receives messages.

                       Transmission medium: This is the channel or bridge through which the message travels from
                        the sender to the receiver.

                       Protocol: This refers to a set of rules or guidelines that defines how data is transmitted and
                        received over a network.

                               NETWORK PROTOCOLS

                     A network  protocol  is  a set  of rules that  are applicable  for a network  to  define  how data  is
                     transmitted and received between the devices connected to the network. Some commonly used
                     network protocols include:

                       Transmission  Control Protocol/Internet  Protocol  (TCP/IP): The protocol  that  is used  to
                        connect devices on the Internet. It sends data in the form of packets and reassembles them at
                        the destination.
                       Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The protocol that ensures smooth transfer of web pages

                        between a server and browser.
                       Hypertext Transfer  Protocol  Secure (HTTPS): A secure  version of HTTP  that  encrypts  the

                        communication between browser and server.
                       File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A standard network protocol that is used to transfer files from
                        one computer (host) to another.

                       Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): An Internet standard used for sending emails.

                                                                                                  Networks Around Us  11

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