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    NETWORK DEVICES

                      There are various devices used in a network. These include:
                         Network Interface Card (NIC): A device attached to a computer
                         that enables communication over a network. The NIC contains a
                         ROM chip  that  has a  unique  number  called  the  Media Access
                         Control (MAC) address, identifies the computer on the network.

                                           Modem: A device that allows computers and other devices to connect to
                                           the internet. It converts digital data into analog signals for transmission over
                                           telephone lines and vice versa.

                         Hub: A device that joins multiple computers to form a single network

                         segment. It forwards data to all connected computers.

                                                      Switch: A device that connects multiple computers within a Local

                                                       Area Network (LAN). It manages data traffic to ensure that data

                                                       reaches only the intended destination.  Unlike a hub, a switch
                                                       forwards data only to the target device.

                         Router: A device  that connects  different networks and directs  data
                         packets between them based on their IP addresses.

                                        Network repeater: A device that boosts incoming electrical, wireless or optical

                                      signals. It amplifies signals to prevent them from becoming too weak or corrupted
                                      during transmission.

                         Gateway: A device that connects dissimilar networks those using different
                         protocols. A gateway takes data from one system, interprets it and
                         transfers it to another system.

                                                    Bridge: A device that connects similar networks, usually LANs using
                                                the same hardware and protocols. It reduces the traffic on other network

                                                segments as it filters the data based on the MAC addresses of the source
                                                and destination before forwarding it.

                                        Imagine  computer  networks as highways in the sky. What kinds of vehicles would
                                        travel on these highways and what destinations would they reach?

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