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    In the previous class, you have learnt what are variables, data types in programming, sequence,
                     loop, bug, event and collections. In this chapter, you will learn about loops and functions.

                               WHAT ARE CONTROL STRUCTURES?

                     A control structure in programming is a fundamental construct that directs the flow of execution
                     within a program based  on certain  conditions  or criteria.  So, the control structure  is a basic
                     decision-making process in computing. There are three main types of control structures:
                        Sequential: Statements in a program are executed sequentially or step-by-step in an order in
                        which the instructions are written.

                        Selection/Conditional: It is used to test a condition in a program. It takes decision to execute
                        one statement/operation over another statement/operation depending on the condition.
                        Iteration: It executes set of statements for a certain number of times till the given condition is
                        true. For example: Loops.

                     On the basis of the above three control structures, programming has derived many types of
                     control statements to suit different needs.

                               LOOPS?

                     Loops are fundamental programming constructs that allow you to repeat a set of instructions
                     multiple times. In MakeCode Arcade, loops are especially useful for tasks like animating sprites,
                     creating repeated patterns, or controlling different elements.

                     BENEFITS

                       Loops let you repeat actions without writing the same code again and again.
                       They make your code shorter and easier to understand.

                       Loops are great for doing things many times, like moving a character.

                       Changing one loop can update lots of parts of your game at once.
                       Loops make your game more fun by adding repeating animations and patterns
                     For example:  You have five plants lined up in your garden, and you want to water all. Instead of
                     watering each plant individually and keeping track of which ones you've already watered, you can
                     think of using a loop:
                     1.  Start Watering: You begin at the first plant and water it.
                     2.  Move to the Next Plant: After watering the first plant, you move to the second plant.
                     3.   Repeat the Process: You continue watering each plant one by one, moving to the next plant

                       after each one.
                     4.  Finish Watering: Once you've watered the last (fifth) plant, you stop.
                     The loop makes sure you water each plant in turn without skipping any or watering the same one
                     twice. You just follow the same action ("Water the plant") repeatedly until all the plants have been

                     watered.

                                                                                           Advanced MakeCode Arcade   99

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