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    EVOLUTION OF

                                                                     COMPUTERS

                  EARLY COUNTING TOOLS

                  Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied knots in

                  a rope and carved marks on clay to keep the records. They also used to count with the
                  help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.

                  ABACUS—FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE

                  The  first step  towards  computing  was  the  invention  of  Abacus

                  around 3000 years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads
                  on parallel wires which can do simple calculations like addition and

                  subtraction.
                                                                                                           Abacus
                  PASCALINE ADDING MACHINE

                  In 1642, a mathematician,  Blaise Pascal

                  invented the calculating machine called the

                  Pascaline adding machine. This device
                  is believed to be the  first  mechanical
                  calculator of the world. This machine was

                  capable of performing only  addition  and                        Pascaline               Blaise Pascal

                  subtraction.

                  CHARLES BABBAGE’S ANALYTICAL ENGINE

                  In  1822,  Charles Babbage, a mathematician, developed  a
                  steam-driven calculating machine, which was the size of a room,
                  which he called the Difference Engine. But even after working on

                  this project for 10 years, this machine never became a reality.

                  In 1833, he invented a machine called the Analytical Engine, the

                                                                                                       Charles Babbage

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