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    Octal Number System

                     The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the octal number system's base
                     is 8. In this system, each digit's position represents a power of 8. In this system, any digit is always less
                     than 8. The octal number system serves as a concise representation of lengthy binary numbers. The
                     number (841)  is not valid in this number system as 8 is not a valid digit.
                                  8
                     Hexadecimal Number System

                     The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F. The letters A
                     to F represent decimal numbers from 10 to 15. This number system has a base of 16. Each digit position
                     in the hexadecimal number system represents a power of 16.

                     For example, the number (764)  is a valid hexadecimal number. It is different from (764)  which is
                                                                                                                  10
                                                     16
                     seven hundred and sixty four.
                     This number system provides shortcut methods to represent long binary numbers.

                     DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

                     To convert a decimal number into a binary number, follow these steps:

                        Divide the decimal number by 2 (the base of the binary number system).

                        Note down the quotient and remainder.
                                                                                       The decimal number system is based
                         Divide the quotient obtained again by 2 and note down        on ten digits, which is likely influenced
                       the resulting quotient and remainder.                             by the number of human fingers.

                         Repeat the procedure until the quotient is less than 2.

                         List the  last quotient  and  all the remainders (moving
                       from bottom to top). You will get your binary number.

                     Look at the given examples to understand the conversion better.

                     Example 1: Convert the decimal number 26, i.e., (26)  to binary.
                                                                          10
                                             2  26

                                             2   13    → 0
                                             2    6    → 1

                                             2    3     → 0

                                                   1    → 1
                                                              Start listing the last quotient and all
                                                              the remainders from here.

                     The binary equivalent of (26)  is 11010
                                                  10
                     In other words, (26)  = (11010) 2
                                         10

                                                                                                     Number System      13

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