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    Binary Number System

                  A computer is a machine made up of transistors, switches, and other components. All these electronic
                  components are in two mutually exclusive states, either ON or OFF. These two states are represented
                  by two binary digits. A computer converts every instruction into 0's and 1's for understanding and
                  implementation. Therefore, binary language is referred to as machine language.

                  The word 'binary' comes from 'Bi', which means two. We see 'bi' in words such as ‘bicycle‘ (two wheels)
                  or ‘binocular’ (two eyes). A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s.
                  Example of Binary Number: 110100

                  There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!

                                                Name     Size (bits)        Examples

                                               Bit           1       Single digit either 0 or 1

                                               Nibble        4       Group of 4 digits

                                               Byte          8       Group of 8 digits

                                               Word          16      Group of 16 digits

                  For example, If a document is compost of 256 bits, how many bits does the document contain?

                  Number of bytes =       256 bits    = 32 bytes
                                      8 bits per byte
                  So, this is how we calculate the number of bytes.

                  Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.

                  As the binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1, its base is 2. Each digit or bit in a binary
                  number  system can  be  0  or 1.  A  combination  of  binary  digits  may be  used  to represent different
                  quantities, like 1001. The positional value of each digit in a binary number is twice the place value or
                  face value of the digit to its right. Each position's weight is a power of 2.
                  The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:

                              Position        3         2         1         0                   –1        –2
                                                                                       •
                              Weights        2 3       2 2       2 1        2 0                 2 –1      2 –2

                           Factbot

                     A single binary digit (like '0' or ‘1’) is called a ‘bit’. For example, 11010 is five bits long. The word bit is made
                     up of the words 'binary digit’.

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