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    WRITING AN ALGORITHM

                      Algorithm provides a step-by-step solution to the problem. Let’s write an algorithm for
                      some problems.
                      MAKING A CUP OF TEA                                  CALCULATE THE SUM OF TWO

                      Step  1   Start.                                     NUMBERS
                      Step  2    Collect  Kettle, Teabags, water,          Step  1   Start.
                                milk, sugar and cup.                       Step  2    Read  two  numbers and store

                      Step  3   Boil the water in the kettle.                        them in A and B.
                      Step  4   Pour the boiling water into the cup.       Step  3   Add two numbers A and B.

                      Step  5    Add milk, sugar and put a teabag          Step  4   Print the sum.
                                in the cup.
                                                                           Step  5   Stop.
                      Step  6   Stir the tea and the tea is ready.
                      Step  7   Stop.

                      CALCULATING THE AREA OF A CIRCLE

                      Step  1   Start.

                      Step  2    Read the radius of the circle and store it in r. (where, r is the length from the
                                centre of the circle to the edge of the circle.)

                                                                                           2
                      Step  3   Calculate the area of the circle. (Where, Area = π × r (3.14 × radius × radius))
                      Step  4   Print the area.

                      Step  5   Stop.

                                FLOWCHART

                      A flowchart is the graphical representation of a process and the logic (also referred to
                      as an algorithm) used in it. Flowcharts are used in analysing, designing, documenting or
                      managing a process or program in various fields.

                      SYMBOLS USED IN FLOWCHARTS

                      A flowchart uses specific geometrical shapes and directional arrows to draw a flow chart
                      for a particular task. A set of geometrical shapes represents the steps involved in the
                      solution process. Each shape represents a specific function, activity, or process. Directional

                      arrows are used to connect the shapes, indicating the flow of the solution.

                       84   Computer Science (V5.0)-V

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