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    ORDER OF OPERATION

                      When performing calculations using a formula, Excel follows certain rules of precedence:

                         Excel calculates expressions within parentheses (.... , ....) first.
                         Excel calculates multiplication and division before addition and subtraction.

                         Excel calculates consecutive operators with the same level of precedence from left to
                         right.

                      For example, the formula = 10 + 10 * 2 gives a result of 30 as Excel multiplies 10 by 2 and
                      then adds 10.

                      However, the formula =(10 + 10)*2 produces a result of 40. This is because Excel calculates
                      the expression (10 + 10) within the parentheses first. It then multiplies by 2.

                      If  you  are unsure of the order in which Excel calculates,  use  parentheses,  even if the
                      parentheses aren’t necessary. Parentheses also make your formulas easier to read.

                                        Envision your favourite tech personality as a Gizmo Gadget. How would you paint their
                                        portrait in Excel?

                      CELL REFERENCING IN FORMULAS AND ITS TYPES

                      A cell reference is a cell address that is used in a formula to denote a specific cell. A formula
                      may contain references to other cells. In such a case, the result of a formula depends on

                      the values in the referenced cells. In case you make any changes to the referenced cells,
                      the result will automatically be changed.

                      To see how this works:
                         Enter 10 in cell A1.

                          Now select  cell  A2 and  type  =A1*2, and  press
                         Enter key.

                      In cell A2, the value is 20. If you change the value in cell A1 from 10 to any value, the value
                      in cell A2 will also change.

                      Cell references are especially helpful when you create complex formulas. There are three

                      types of cell references used in Excel: relative, absolute and mixed.

                       52   Computer Science (V5.0)-V

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