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RELATIVE REFERENCES

In relative reference, you actually refer to a cell that is above or below and left or right of
a number of rows or columns. Copying a formula with a relative reference from one cell
to another also modifies the copied cell's value. To use the relative cell reference, perform
the following steps:

2 Click on the Copy button.

3 Select another cell in
which you want to copy
the formula and click
on the Paste button.

1 Select the cell that
contains the formula in
which the reference of
other cells is used.

ABSOLUTE REFERENCES

If you wish to maintain the original references as they were, then you should make use
of the absolute references. If you want to make the formula retain the original reference
when copied, precede the column reference and the row reference by a dollar ($) symbol.

For example, if you want to give a discount of 10% on each product, the discount will
remain the same for all products.

To calculate the amount to be paid, add the dollar ($) sign to the cell that contains the
discount percentage. In this case, the discount percentage is given in cell D3. Hence, the

formula will be =((B3*C3)-((B3*C3)*($D$3))).
When you copy the formula to the next cell, address of the cell D3 will remain same as shown:

Charts, Formulas & Functions in Excel 53