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Assembly Language

Assembly language is also known as second-generation language (2GL). It is the
language in which program codes are written in the form of alphanumeric symbols called
'Mnemonics Code' instead of 0 and 1. In the assembly language, a programmer writes

abbreviations such as A for addition, C for compare, L for load, M for Multiply, etc.

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

High-level language is considered to be closer to human beings. It is machine-independent

language. However, they need to be translated into binary or machine language. Programs
written in high-level languages are called source code. Since the computer understands
only 0s and 1s, all high-level languages require a software called language processor or

translator to convert the instructions into machine language are also called object code.
Let’s discuss about some high-level languages.

Third-Generation Languages (3GL)

In third-generation languages (3GL), the programmer writes a series of English-like
words that tell the computer what to do and how to accomplish it. Many third-generation

languages also use arithmetic operators, such as * for multiplication and + for addition.
Some early procedural 3GLs are BASIC, PASCAL, C and FORTRAN. Other advanced

object-oriented 3GLs include C++, Java and C#.

Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL)
Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) also use English-like statements. They specify what

the program should accomplish without explaining how. 4GLs are fast and require less
time and effort from the programmer. In fact, 4GLs are so easy to use that individuals with
very little programming background can develop programs. Examples of 4GLs include

SQL, Perl and Python.

Natural Languages (5GL)
Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) use natural language or visual tools to create

programs. They focus on specifying what the program should achieve rather than how
to achieve it. 5GLs are designed to be very user-friendly, allowing users with minimal

programming experience to develop complex applications. These languages are often
employed in fields such as artificial intelligence and expert systems. Examples of 5GLs
include Mercury, OPS5 and Prolog.

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