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Sender: This is a source in a data communication system. It is a device that sends a
data message.

Receiver: This is the destination of the final message sent by the source. It is a device that
receives messages.
Transmission medium: This is the channel or bridge through which the message travels from

the sender to the receiver.
Protocol: This refers to a set of rules or guidelines that defines how data is transmitted and
received over a network.

NETWORK PROTOCOLS

A network protocol is a set of rules that are applicable for a network to define how data is
transmitted and received between the devices connected to the network. Some commonly used

network protocols include:
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): The protocol that is used to
connect devices on the Internet. It sends data in the form of packets and reassembles them at

the destination.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The protocol that ensures smooth transfer of web pages
between a server and browser.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): A secure version of HTTP that encrypts the
communication between browser and server.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A standard network protocol that is used to transfer files from
one computer (host) to another.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP): An Internet standard used How do network topologies affect speed?
for sending emails.

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Computer networks can be categorised based on their size and architecture.

ON THE BASIS OF SIZE
There are various types of networks depending on the size and expanse
of the network:

Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN covers a small geographic area,
like a home, school or office, mostly within a building or campus.
Devices in a LAN are usually connected using Ethernet cables

or Wi-Fi.

Networks Around Us 11