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    DATA REPRESENTATION

                      The smallest piece of data that can be recognised and         Founder of zero
                      used by the computer is known as the bit or binary
                      digit. A group of eight bits is called a byte. A bit is a single binary value i.e., 1 or 0. A computer is an
                      electronic device that has two states: On and Off. These two states of the computer are represented
                      by two digits: 1 and 0. Here, 1 represents the electronic state On and 0 represents the electronic
                      state Off.

                                WHAT IS NUMBER SYSTEM?

                      A  number  system  is  a  way  to  express  quantities  used  for counting,  comparing  amounts,
                      performing calculations and representing values. A computer represents all kinds of data and
                      information like  text, numbers, audio and video in binary form. The total number of digits used

                      in a number system is called its base or radix. There are four types of number systems: Binary
                      number system, Decimal number system, Octal number system and Hexadecimal number
                      system.

                          PURE         The numerical digits, 1, 2, ..... ,9 are based on the Hindu-Arabic numeral system developed
                           FACT        over 1000 years ago.

                      DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

                      A number system made up of 10 digits from 0 to 9, is known as decimal number system. The
                      base of the decimal number system is 10. It is also known as the base-10 system.

                      In the decimal number system, the position of the first digit towards the left side of the decimal
                      point is 0. The position of the second digit towards the left side of the decimal point is 1. Similarly,
                      the position of the first digit towards the right side of the decimal point is –1. The position of the
                      second digit towards the right side of the decimal point is –2 and so on. The place value of the
                      digits according to position and weight is as follows:

                         Position          2              1            0                            -1            -2
                         Weights          10 2           10 1         10 0            .            10 -1         10 -2

                      In simple words, the successive position to the left of the decimal point represents units, tens,
                      hundreds, thousands and so on.
                      The value of a number is determined by multiplying the digits with the weight of their position and
                      adding the results. This method is known as the expansion method. The right-most digit of the
                      number has the lowest weight. This digit is called Least Significant Digit (LSD). The left-most digit

                      of a number has the highest weight. This digit is called the Most Significant Digit (MSD).

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