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    Leibniz Step Reckoner

                  In  1672,  a mathematician,  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
                  expanded  Blaise Pascal’s ideas and  invented  the digital

                  mechanical calculator called ‘Step Reckoner’. It was the first
                  calculator that could perform all four arithmetic operations
                  i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.                   Leibniz Step Reckoner

                  Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

                  In 1822, a mathematician, Charles Babbage developed a steam-driven
                  calculating  machine, that was the size  of a room which  he called the

                  Difference Engine. The Difference Engine consisted of a series of gears
                  and levers that could be programmed to perform a specific calculation.
                  But even after working on this project for 10 years, this machine never

                  became a reality.                                                                      Charles Babbage
                  In 1833, he invented a machine called the Analytical Engine, the first-ever working model of a
                  mechanical computer, a fully program-controlled machine. It also included integrated memory

                  and programs flow control and also ALU into it. This is why Charles Babbage is known as the
                  ‘Father of computers’.

                                           Difference Engine                 Analytical Engine

                  Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs

                  The instructions given to Babbage’s Analytical Engine were in the form

                  of Binary Numbers 0’s and 1’s and the first person to introduce this
                  concept was Lady Ada Lovelace. Since she was the first to introduce
                  the  concept  of programming, she  is known  as the  First Computer
                  Programmer.

                    Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine                                             Lady Ada Lovelace

                  Herman Hollerith, an army engineer, built an electromechanical device called the Tabulating
                  Machine in 1890. The machine read and stored data from punched cards.

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