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Leibniz Step Reckoner

In 1672, a mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
expanded Blaise Pascal’s ideas and invented the digital

mechanical calculator called ‘Step Reckoner’. It was the first
calculator that could perform all four arithmetic operations
i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Leibniz Step Reckoner

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

In 1822, a mathematician, Charles Babbage developed a steam-driven
calculating machine, that was the size of a room which he called the

Difference Engine. The Difference Engine consisted of a series of gears
and levers that could be programmed to perform a specific calculation.
But even after working on this project for 10 years, this machine never

became a reality. Charles Babbage
In 1833, he invented a machine called the Analytical Engine, the first-ever working model of a
mechanical computer, a fully program-controlled machine. It also included integrated memory

and programs flow control and also ALU into it. This is why Charles Babbage is known as the
‘Father of computers’.

Difference Engine Analytical Engine

Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs

The instructions given to Babbage’s Analytical Engine were in the form

of Binary Numbers 0’s and 1’s and the first person to introduce this
concept was Lady Ada Lovelace. Since she was the first to introduce
the concept of programming, she is known as the First Computer
Programmer.

Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Lady Ada Lovelace

Herman Hollerith, an army engineer, built an electromechanical device called the Tabulating
Machine in 1890. The machine read and stored data from punched cards.

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