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    EVOLUTION OF

                                        COMPUTERS

                     EARLY COUNTING TOOLS

                     Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied knots in

                     a rope and carved marks on clay to keep the records. They also used to count with the
                     help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.

                     ABACUS—FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE

                     The  first step  towards  computing  was  the  invention  of  Abacus

                     around 3000 years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads
                     on parallel wires which can do simple calculations like addition and

                     subtraction.
                                                                                                             Abacus
                     PASCALINE ADDING MACHINE

                     In 1642, a mathematician,  Blaise Pascal

                     invented the calculating machine called the

                     Pascaline adding machine. This device
                     is believed to be the  first  mechanical
                     calculator of the world. This machine was

                     capable of performing only  addition  and                       Pascaline               Blaise Pascal

                     subtraction.

                     CHARLES BABBAGE’S ANALYTICAL ENGINE

                     In  1822,  Charles Babbage, a mathematician, developed  a
                     steam-driven calculating machine, which was the size of a room,
                     which he called the Difference Engine. But even after working on

                     this project for 10 years, this machine never became a reality.

                                                                                                         Charles Babbage

                                                                                                Evolution of Computers
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