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    Ross Quillian

                     Ross Quillian was a leading Scientist and Researcher in the field of electronics
                     and communications during 1960. His work “SYNTHEX” is widely accredited
                     in the field of AI. In his project, Quillian developed the first semantic web. It
                     is the map of words and concepts that a computer could use to understand

                     relations.  For example, if you think of Pizza, your brain understands there
                     are other associated words with it. The words like cheese, Dominos, thin
                     crust, snacks, toppings, eat, friends, party, hungry, and so on. AI missed this
                     crucial component before Quillian’s semantic web was introduced. Now, it
                     has provided necessary map of relational understanding to computers.

                                              Edward Feigenbaum

                                              Edward Feigenbaum is often called the, “Father of Expert Systems”.  He
                                              was the joint winner of 1994 ACM Turing Award.

                                              While he was a student, he developed EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and

                                              Memorizer), one  of  the  first computer models  of  how  people  learn,
                                              as his Ph.D. project. His project Dendral was the most important to AI
                                              Sciences. It used computer systems to identify and communicate the
                     presence of diseases when given spectrometer readings of blood samples. This was the first
                     use of an AI “Expert System”.

                     Marvin Minsky

                     Marvin Minsky was an American Cognitive and Computer Scientist.

                     He wrote the book ‘Perceptrons’ as his ground breaking work on Artificial
                     Neural Networks. He created several new  models  of  AI  systems. He
                     provided expert advice on several projects including Stanley Kubrick’s,

                     “A Space Odyssey”.

                                                            IBM

                                                            IBM company stood as the next pioneer in the field of
                                                            Artificial  Intelligence  as it  hit  a major milestone  with  its
                                                            development  and  creation of  Deep Blue. It was an AI
                                                            system which was dedicated to play chess with an objective
                                                            to beat a human chess master using AI. On February 10,
                                                            1997, it played against world renowned chess master Garry

                                                            Kasparov. For the first time AI won against a human.

                     As a result of the work of these pioneers, artificial intelligence has come this far and continues
                     to grow and make our future bright.

                                                                                 Developments in AI & AI Terminology   29

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