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    Java operates on the principle of WORA — Write Once, Run Anywhere — which means that once a
                     Java program is written, it can run on any platform (such as Windows, Linux, macOS) without requiring
                     modification. Additionally, Java includes built-in features such as configurable security and file access
                     restrictions, allowing  developers  to  implement  robust  security  measures. Since  Java can  run  on  a
                     network, web browsers have incorporated the ability to execute Java applets within web pages, further
                     boosting Java’s popularity in web-based applications.

                     EVOLUTION OF JAVA

                     In 1991, a programming language called OAK (as there was an Oak tree outside the office of the
                     developers) was developed at Sun Microsystems for their set-top box project. Later, it was renamed
                     Java (derived from Java Coffee, a type of coffee found in Indonesia).

                     Let us consider the different versions of Java year-wise. Java's stable preview release i.e. JDK Beta was
                     available to public and on 23rd May 1995 Sun Microsystems officially released the first version of the
                     Java programming language to the public.. Form there, it kept on evolving gradually.

                                                 S. No.             Versions              Years
                                                    1      JDK Beta                       1995
                                                    2      JDK 1.0                        1996
                                                    3      JDK 1.1                        1997

                                                    4      J2SE 1.2                       1998
                                                    5      J2SE 1.3                       2000
                                                    6      J2SE 1.4                       2002
                                                    7      J2SE 5.0                       2004
                                                    8      Java SE 6                      2006
                                                    9      Java SE 7                      2011
                                                   10      Java SE 8                      2014
                                                   11      Java SE 9                      2017
                                                   12      Java SE 10 &  Java SE 11       2018
                                                   13      Java SE 12 &  Java SE 13       2019
                                                   14      Java SE 14  & Java SE 15       2020
                                                   15      Java SE 16                     2021
                                                   16      Java SE 18 & Java SE 19        2022
                                                   17      Java SE 20 & Java SE 21        2023
                                                   18      Java SE 22 and Java SE 23      2024

                           Note: JDK stands for Java Development Kit. J2SE stands for Java 2 Standard Edition.

                     There were some major goals in the development of the Java language:
                        It should be platform independent and multithreaded.

                        It must be dynamic and secure.
                        It must be architecture-neutral and handy.

                                                                                                   Java Programming     87

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