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    2016 – Sophia
                                                       In 2016, Hanson Robotics introduced Sophia, a humanoid robot
                                                       designed to simulate human facial expressions and interactions.
                                                       Sophia  gained  worldwide  attention  when  she  was  granted
                                                       citizenship  in  Saudi  Arabia in  2017,  becoming  the first robot to
                                                       receive such  recognition. Sophia’s  AI  enables her to engage  in
                                                       conversation, express emotions and learn from interactions,
                                                       showcasing  the  growing  integration  of  AI  in  social  robots.  She
                                                       represents a significant step in the development of robots that can
                                                       communicate and interact naturally with humans.

                       2018 – Google Duplex & Waymo One: Breakthroughs
                     in AI and Autonomous Vehicles
                      In 2018, Google made significant strides in AI with the
                     introduction  of  Google  Duplex  at it’s  I/O  developer
                     conference. Duplex demonstrated the ability to make
                     human-like  phone  calls, such  as  booking  restaurant
                     reservations and performing tasks using natural speech
                     fillers like "um" and "mm-hmm." This advancement in
                     natural language understanding and speech synthesis
                     allowed  AI  to converse more naturally, mimicking
                     human conversation in a way that had never been achieved before.

                  Later in 2018, Waymo, a subsidiary of Alphabet (Google’s parent company) launched Waymo One, the
                  first commercial self-driving taxi service in Phoenix, Arizona. This service featured autonomous vehicles
                  equipped with AI technology capable of navigating and driving without human intervention, marking a
                  significant milestone in autonomous vehicle technology.

                                                                   2020s – Deep Learning and Generative AI
                                                                  The 2020s have seen the rise of Large Language Models
                                                                  (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and AI systems like Midjourney
                                                                  that generate images and text. These AI  systems use
                                                                  deep learning techniques to understand,  generate
                                                                  and even create new content. With  advancements in
                                                                  generative AI, machines can now  perform tasks that
                                                                  were once thought to be purely human, such as writing
                                                                  poetry, generating artwork or producing  complex
                                                                  technical content. This shift has revolutionised creative
                                                                  industries and deepened AI’s role in fields like writing,
                                                                  art and entertainment.

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