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Principles of Object-Oriented Programming

OOP depends on the following principles:

1. Data Abstraction Definition
2. Inheritance
A programming model that depends on the theory
3. Polymorphism of classes and objects and gives importance on data

4. Encapsulation rather than functions is known as Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP).
They are also called the four pillars of
Object-Oriented Programming.

Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming

Following are the advantages of Object-Oriented Programming:
1. Each and every instance has properties that are exclusively for its own use and cannot be used by
other instances. For example, if you have a Car blueprint, you can create many instances of Car with
different model names such as Maruti Suzuki, Ford Figo and Ambassador, etc. Thus, a real-world
picture can be explained.

2. It uses the concept of re-usability where code is written once and can be used multiple times
using different objects.

3. Maintaining and modifying existing code is much easier due to inheritance and polymorphism,
which allow for the reuse of existing code with minimal changes.
4. Abstraction and Data hiding maintain the security of data.

5. The concept of Inheritance helps avoid data redundancy by allowing code reuse.
Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming

Following are the disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming:
1. Object-Oriented program needs more lines of code than Procedure-Oriented program.

2. It typically requires more memory to run and thus, its execution may be slower compared to
Procedure-Oriented Programming.
3. It requires intensive testing.

4. Proper planning is necessary for designing effective Object-Oriented programs due to their
complexity and structure.

FEATURES OF OOPS

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects, classes and
methods to design and implement software. Some key features of OOPs are as follows:
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the concept of bundling the data (attributes) and the methods
(functions) that operate on the data into a single unit, called a class. It restricts direct access to some
of the object’s components, which means that the internal details of how an object works are hidden
from the outside world. This ensures that the object controls how its data is accessed and modified,
promoting data integrity.

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