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Artificial Intelligence is made up of the words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines “human-
made” and Intelligence defines “thinking ability”, hence AI means “a human-made thinking ability”.

The term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ was coined by John McCarthy. In 1956, John organised the Dartmouth
Conference where, in his talk, he first used the term “artificial intelligence”, defined as the science and
engineering of making intelligent machines. John McCarthy is also known as the ‘Father of AI’.

TIMELINE OF AI MILESTONES

The journey to understand if machines could truly think began much before John McCarthy’s first
academic conference. In Vannevar Bush’s seminal work "As We May Think", he proposed a system
which amplifies people’s own knowledge and understanding. Five years later, Alan Turing wrote a paper
on the notion of machines being able to simulate human beings and the ability to do intelligent things,
such as play Chess.

In 1950s, AI was limited to problem solving and later in 1960s US Defence did most of the work. The first
intelligent personal assistant was introduced by One Voice as IVAN in the year 1999.

The following table represents the evolution of AI over the years:

S.No. Year Milestone

Alan Turing submitted a paper about the possibility of creating a machine that would
1. 1950
think.

John McCarthy finally gave the name "Artificial Intelligence". A research was founded
2. 1956
in Dartmouth college.

3. 1966 First Chatbot ELIZA was created.

4. 1967 WABOT project was undertaken in Japan.
5. 1972 The world's first full-scale intelligent humanoid robot WABOT-1 was completed.

6. 1980 Form of AI program “Expert System” was adapted.
Deep Thought and HiTech defeated chess masters. It led to the development of Deep
7. 1989
Blue.

8. 1997 Deep Blue defeated then reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.

9. 2002 Roomba, the robotic vacuum was developed.

10. 2011 IBM Watson, a question-answer computer system won a quiz show.

11. 2012 Google Now, a search application for Android and iOS was launched.

12. 2014 Eugene Goostman, a Chatbot won the Turing Test again convincing 33% of the judges.

13. 2015 Voice-Controlled Intelligent Speakers—Amazon Echo, was available in the market.

14. 2016 The first social humanoid Robot Sophia made her first public appearance.

Pioneers in the Field of AI 11