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2016 – Sophia
In 2016, Hanson Robotics introduced Sophia, a humanoid robot
designed to simulate human facial expressions and interactions.
Sophia gained worldwide attention when she was granted
citizenship in Saudi Arabia in 2017, becoming the first robot to
receive such recognition. Sophia’s AI enables her to engage in
conversation, express emotions and learn from interactions,
showcasing the growing integration of AI in social robots. She
represents a significant step in the development of robots that can
communicate and interact naturally with humans.

2018 – Google Duplex & Waymo One: Breakthroughs
in AI and Autonomous Vehicles
In 2018, Google made significant strides in AI with the
introduction of Google Duplex at it’s I/O developer
conference. Duplex demonstrated the ability to make
human-like phone calls, such as booking restaurant
reservations and performing tasks using natural speech
fillers like "um" and "mm-hmm." This advancement in
natural language understanding and speech synthesis
allowed AI to converse more naturally, mimicking
human conversation in a way that had never been achieved before.

Later in 2018, Waymo, a subsidiary of Alphabet (Google’s parent company) launched Waymo One, the
first commercial self-driving taxi service in Phoenix, Arizona. This service featured autonomous vehicles
equipped with AI technology capable of navigating and driving without human intervention, marking a
significant milestone in autonomous vehicle technology.

2020s – Deep Learning and Generative AI
The 2020s have seen the rise of Large Language Models
(LLMs), such as GPT-4 and AI systems like Midjourney
that generate images and text. These AI systems use
deep learning techniques to understand, generate
and even create new content. With advancements in
generative AI, machines can now perform tasks that
were once thought to be purely human, such as writing
poetry, generating artwork or producing complex
technical content. This shift has revolutionised creative
industries and deepened AI’s role in fields like writing,
art and entertainment.

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