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    Example 1: Convert (1111)  to decimal number.
                                                2
                                                              1
                                                      2
                                              3
                                                                      0
                                    = 1 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2
                                    = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
                                         = 15
                               (1111)  = (15) 10
                                      2
                     Example 2: Convert (10111)  to decimal number.
                                                 2
                                      4
                                                               1
                                                       2
                                              3
                               = 1 × 2  + 0 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2  + 1 × 2 0
                               = 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1
                               = 23
                       (10111)  = (23) 10
                             2

                            Topic Flashback                                                         21 st  Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                                        Skills
                          Convert the binary number 1000 into decimal.

                     OPERATIONS ON BINARY NUMBERS

                     Let's learn the basic operations on binary numbers.

                     Binary Addition

                     Binary addition is similar to adding decimal numbers. When the value of addition exceeds the value 1,
                     say 10 or 11, then 1 is carried over to the left of the current position. The rules for adding two binary
                     digits are given below:

                                                      X             Y               X + Y
                                                      0              0            0 + 0 = 0

                                                      0              1            0 + 1 = 1
                                                      1              0            1 + 0 = 1
                                                      1              1       1 + 1 = 10 (carry 1)

                                                                        Number Systems & Binary in Computing and AI     73

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